For many animals, acquiring adult dominance rank is an important social transition that may influence fitness. In species with maternal rank “inheritance”, juveniles may acquire their adult rank by receiving coalitionary support from kin and by targeting individuals from lower-ranking families in aggressive interactions. Previous studies of rank acquisition, however, have focused on species with high rates of aggression and coalitionary support. We studied rank acquisition in blue monkeys, a species with relatively low aggression and coalition rates. Focusing on juvenile females in a wild population, we used Elo-ratings to evaluate latency to reach their maternal status. We also assessed how juvenile female agonistic behavior changes with age, and whether such changes differ for opponents that their mother does vs. does not outrank. Finally, we compared rank acquisition in orphaned vs. non-orphaned juveniles. Females from high-ranking matrilines took longer to reach their maternal status, while having more kin did not accelerate rank acquisition. Subjects showed more aggression as they aged, regardless of their opponent’s rank. Most orphans reached their matrilineal rank, and orphans with more or high-ranking kin were not more likely to do so. These results suggest that age-related changes in agonistic behavior accompany rank acquisition in blue monkeys. In contrast to more aggressive species, the availability of kin as coalitionary partners did not appear to influence rank acquisition in blue monkeys, and they did not increasingly target lower-ranking individuals as they aged. We concluded that the behavioral patterns that accompany maternal rank acquisition may vary between closely related species and that this variation may correspond with other patterns of social behavior, such as aggression and coalition rates.