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- Number of patents awarded to Columbia:
1995: 18
1996: 34- Number of patent classes spanned by Columbia patents: 51
- Percentage of Columbia patents in top four classes (chemical, two classes of pharmaceuticals, and computing/data-processing): 50%
- Number of active license agreements involving Columbia research: 235
- Revenue from research contracts, FY 1997: $10.9 million (43% increase over 1995-96)
- Revenue from licenses, FY 1997: $50.3 million (24% increase)
- Total revenues received since inception of Columbia Innovation Enterprise: $270 million
- Number of U.S. patents citing Columbia's 194 patents issued from 1983 to 1996, reflecting impact of the university's research on other researchers/inventors: 700
- Rank of Columbia among U.S. private universities in net revenues (total revenues received minus royalties paid to other institutions), 1996: No. 1
Sources: Office of the Vice Provost, Columbia; Columbia Innovation Enterprise.
- Percentage of citations to academic scientific literature in all U.S. scientific and technological articles, 1990-93, all fields1: 70.5%
- Citations of scientific and technical literature in U.S. patent awards, 19941: 50,000
- Increase from 19882: approximately 3-fold
- Proportion of references to the academic literature1: 50%
- Percentage of new products and processes dependent on recent academic research for development in selected U.S. industries, 1975-852
all science and engineering, products 6.5%/processes 15.5%
information processing, 17%/16%
electronics, 3%/4%
chemical, 4%/4%
pharmaceuticals, 17%/8%
metals, 9%/9%
petroleum, 1%/1%
1 National Science Foundation. Science and Engineering Indicators. Washington: National Science Board, 1996.
2 Mansfield, Edwin. Academic research underlying industrial innovation. Research Policy 1991; 20:1-12.Sciences rated particularly relevant to industry:
Science No. of industries ranking on 7-point scale importance of science >5 Selected industries in which science is particularly important biology 15 animal feed, drugs, processed foods chemistry 22 animal feed, meat products, drugs agricultural science 24 pesticides, animal feed, fertilizers, food products computer science 44 optical instruments,logging/sawmills, paper machinery materials science 37 synthetic rubber, non-ferrous metals medical science 10 surgical/medical instruments, drugs,coffee metallurgy 27 non-ferrous metals, fabricated metal products chemical engineering 25 canned foods, fertilizers, malt beverages electrical engineering 24 semiconductors, scientific instruments mechanical engineering 37 hand tools, specialized industrial machinery
1 Rosenberg, Nathan, and Nelson, Richard. American universities and technical advance in industry. Research Policy 1994; 23:323-348.
