Lowbrow, Highbrow, and the Categorization of Art Selina Lai

Notes

1. For more on the "highbrow" and "lowbrow" discussion, see Lawrence W. Levin, Highbrow, Lowbrow: the Emergence of Cultural Hierarchy in America (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988)

2. Van Wyck Brooks, America's Coming of Age (New York, NY: Octagon Books, 1975), 27.

3. John Updike, "Tom Wolfe Looks Hard at American," The New Yorker, November 1998, 102.

4. Norman Mailer, "A Man Half Full," New York Review of Books, December 1998, 18.

5. CBC News World, http://www.cbc.ca/hottype/season99-00/99-12-17.html.

6. Peter Swirski, From Lowbrow to Nobrow (Montreal: McGill-Queen's, 2005), 49.

7. Ibid., 43.

8. Ibid., 10.

9. Highbrow, Lowbrow.

10. Ibid., 14.

11. Ibid., 21; 30.

12. Ibid., 212.

13. From Lowbrow to Nobrow, 28-27.

14. Ibid., 6.

15. Ibid., 82.

16. Ibid., 154.

17. Highbrow, Lowbrow, 206.

18. Jazz, DVD, directed by Ken Burns (Warner Home Video, 2000).

19. Cinematical, http://www.cinematical.com/2006/03/05/oscars-musical-number-its-hard-out-here-for-a-pimp.

20. Rap, Race & Equality, VHS, directed by Ewan Burnett (New York, NY: Filmakers Library, 1994).

21. From Lowbrow to Nobrow, 110.

22. Ibid., 180; 177.