General Introduction
Call Number
Genre and Content
Language, Date, Place of Origin
Physical Description
Other Reference Numbers, Miscellaneous Remarks
Acquisition
Bibliography

General Introduction

The Yale Papyrus Collection has formed gradually over the years since 1889, when it was founded. Many of the acquisitions consisted of unsorted fragments of manuscripts, and almost every item was in need of considerable conservation work. The fragments were inventoried preliminarily as they were acquired. Those which became objects of study were mounted between panes of glass, and some were subjected to various conservation procedures. The original system of inventory numbers ("P.Yale inv.") was unsatisfactory because often it resulted in unrelated fragments being grouped together under a single number, or different numbers being assigned to related fragments. Nor were the occasional conservation procedures that had been applied generally adequate. By the time the collection was transferred to the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library during the late 1960s, the collection had grown too quickly to be cared for properly without a concerted effort focused on conservation.In 1983, the library undertook a project to re-inventory the papyrus collection and to conserve the manuscripts according to improved conservation techniques. To the extent possible in the circumstances, all the related fragments of each individual manuscript were brought together under a single inventory number, and new inventory numbers were assigned to manuscripts that previously had shared numbers or had no numbers at all. Whenever feasible, the original inventory numbers were carried over into the new system of inventory numbers. Prefixed to this new series of inventory numbers is the designation "P.CtYBR inv.," wherein "P." = Papyrus, "CtYBR" is the Research Libraries Information Network's designation for the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, and "inv." = inventory number; e.g.: P.CtYBR inv. 3. The manuscripts have been conserved according to standard procedures and mounted in acrylic frames. In principle, no frame contains more than one manuscript. (One exception to this rule will be described below for the numerous fragments of Acq. 1965a and 1992b.) The frames, grouped in three sizes, are stored individually in protective envelopes and stacked horizontally in boxes. A paper label, bearing the designation "P.CtYBR inv." and the inventory number, is mounted inside each frame. The inventory number alone is written on the edges of the frames that are visible when the frames are in their storage boxes, and the upper left-hand corner of the back of each frame is labeled with the inventory number and the word "BACK." A small number of unusual manuscripts are stored in different formats.

The majority of manuscripts are mounted in frames 8 x 10 inches (20 x 25 cm) and have no indication of size appended to their inventory numbers. The inventory numbers for manuscripts enclosed in larger size frames (quarter and folio) conclude with the following abbreviated indications of the fram size:

qua: frame size 11 x 14½ inches (28 x 37 cm)
fol: frame size 16 x 20 inches (40.5 x 51 cm)

Example: P.CtYBR inv. 1 qua

The designation "P.CtYBR inv." together with the inventory number and any indication of frame size, where applicable, constitutes the call number of a given manuscript. Many manuscripts consist of more than one fragment. If the exact physical relationship of the fragments is known, they have been joined in this relationship by conservation techniques and are regarded as a single fragment. If the exact physical relationship of the fragments is not known, they are labeled in the frame with parenthetical serial numbers to distinguish them: (1), (2), etc. In order to refer to such fragments specifically, the fragment numbers are appended to the inventory number. For example, the two fragments of P.CtYBR inv. 1730 are distinguished as P.CtYBR inv. 1730(1) and P.CtYBR inv. 1730(2).

Whenever feasible, related multiple fragments have been put in a single frame; hence a request for P.CtYBR inv. 1730, for example, will suffice to call both fragments of this manuscript from the stacks, as would a request for just P.CtYBR inv. 1730(1), or just P.CtYBR inv. 1730(2). On occasion, however, it was necessary to put related fragments in more than one frame, in which case each frame is labeled with the inventory number and the fragment numbers contained in that frame. For example, the thirteen fragments of P.CtYBR inv. 400 are mounted in two frames, labeled P.CtYBR inv. 400(1) and P.CtYBR inv. 400(2)-(13), respectively. Important modifications to this system in special circumstances are described in the section on Miscellaneous remarks .

For the numerous small fragments of Acq. 1965a and 1992b a special arrangement has been devised. Up to 30 single items of the same period and language have been mounted together on quarto frames and numbered consecutively. They have all received the description "unrelated fragments" in the contents field.

When a frame is held so that the paper label inside the frame is in the proper position for reading it, one is looking at the front (side "A") of the manuscript, and at least one text inscribed on the front of the manuscript is oriented properly for reading. The other side of the manuscript is called the back (side "B"). For the purposes of labeling the back and of measuring the dimensions of the manuscript, it is this same orientation of the frame that defines the "top" of the manuscript. A text inscribed on the back of the manuscript is not necessarily oriented properly for reading when the frame is turned over from side to side; nor does side A necessarily correspond to the "recto" in the sense of "the first side to have been inscribed," or "the side to be read first." If a manuscript is inscribed on only one side, this side is framed as A. If a manuscript is inscribed with a text covering both sides, an effort has been made to frame the recto as A. If a manuscript is inscribed with two distinct texts, one on each side, the choice of which side to frame as A and which to frame as B was often arbitrary. If a manuscript is a palimpsest or similarly complicated, it is framed with respect to what seems to be the first text to have been inscribed.

The present catalog consists of entries for each text in the collection. Thus a series of two or more entries may describe the various texts inscribed on a single manuscript. Each entry consists of five or six lines of information, as follows:

• The call number (inventory number) of the text.
• The genre and content of the text.
• The language , date , and place of origin of the text.
• A brief physical description of the text and of the manuscript on which it is inscribed.
• Other numbering systems by which the text can be referred to, miscellaneous remarks , and the year in which the manuscript was acquired .
• Bibliographical references (if any).

Each entry in the catalog begins with the call number of a given text. This call number is always the same as the call number of the manuscript on which the text is inscribed, except that the call number of the text may contain one or more parenthetical indications attached to the inventory number. Hence a given text may be called from the stacks either by the call number of the text as given in the catalog or by the call number of the manuscript of which it is a part, which can be obtained by deleting any parenthetical indications from the call number of the text.

For example, a request for P.CtYBR inv. 298(A), which is the text inscribed on the front of P.CtYBR inv. 298, will retrieve from the stacks the same manuscript as will a request for P.CtYBR inv. 298(B), which is the text inscribed on the back; hence both texts can be called for simply by requesting P.CtYBR inv. 298, which is the manuscript as such.

While the parenthetical indications contained in a call number can thus be omitted in requesting a manuscript, any indication of frame size (qua, fol) must be retained since the manuscripts are shelved by size, not strictly by numeric sequence.

If a manuscript is inscribed with only one text, the call number of the text is the same as the call number of the manuscript on which the text is inscribed, as in:

1. P.CtYBR inv. 1 qua
This text is inscribed either on only the front of the manuscript, or on both the front and the back. Which of these two circumstances is in fact the case is clarified in the fourth line of the entry (i.e., the physical description of the text and manuscript.)

If a manuscript is inscribed with two or more distinct texts, the texts are referred to in various ways. Most common is the circumstance where one text is inscribed on the front (A) of the manuscript and another on the back (B), in which case the texts are distinguished as follows:

  2. P.CtYBR inv. 35(A) qua
      P.CtYBR inv. 35(B) qua
These first two examples account for the majority of the entries in the catalog.

A minority of manuscripts requires more complex means of referring to the texts inscribed on them. In these cases, one or more of the following indications are utilized to construct the call number, in this order: fragment number, A/B, first text/second text (and so on), column number. Columns of text are numbered with lower case Roman numerals (col. i, col. ii, etc.) in the same direction in which the text was written (e.g., left to right for Greek, right to left for Demotic).

If several texts are inscribed on the front of a manuscript, each in a separate column, the texts are distinguished as follows:

3. P.CtYBR inv. 1629(col. i)
    P.CtYBR inv. 1629(col. ii)
In most of the other circumstances where two distinct texts are inscribed on the same side of a manuscript, the indications "first text" and "second text" are used. Although these terms refer primarily to palimpsest manuscripts, often it is not the case that the first text was actually erased, nor that the two texts even overlap. For example:


4. P.CtYBR inv. 157(first text)
    P.CtYBR inv. 157(second text)
This pair of entries can represent five possible arrangements of the texts on the manuscript: first and second texts both on A; first text on A, second text on A and B; first text on A and B, second text on A; first text on A and B, second text on B; first and second texts both on A and B. Which of these five possibilities is in fact the case is clarified in the fourth lines (physical description)of the two entries. Framing procedures systematically excluded the possibility of a first text ever being on B alone (except in the special case of example 6 below); the circumstance where the first text is on A, the second text on B, is dealt with as in example 2 above (without commitment as to which text was inscribed first). More complex are the circumstances where one side of a manuscript is inscribed with two (or more) distinct texts, the other side with a third (or fourth) text, as in:

5. P.CtYBR inv. 1751(A)(first text)
    P.CtYBR inv. 1751(A)(second text)
    P.CtYBR inv. 1751(B)

6. P.CtYBR inv. 504(A) qua
    P.CtYBR inv. 504(B)(first text) qua
    P.CtYBR inv. 504(B)(second text) qua

7. P.CtYBR inv. 1275(A)(col. i)
    P.CtYBR inv. 1275(A)(col. ii)
    P.CtYBR inv. 1275(B)

8. P.CtYBR inv. 1396(A)(first text)(col. i)
    P.CtYBR inv. 1396(A)(first text)(col. ii)
    P.CtYBR inv. 1396(second text)

A unique situation, requiring indication of fragment numbers, is:

9. P.CtYBR inv. 915(1)(A)
    P.CtYBR inv. 915(2)(A)
    P.CtYBR inv. 915(B)
Here two originally unrelated manuscripts, P.CtYBR inv. 915(1) and P.CtYBR inv. 915(2), each inscribed on one side (A), were pasted together to form a new manuscript that was then inscribed with a third text on the other side (B). Another unusual situation is:

10. P.CtYBR inv. 1545(1) qua
      P.CtYBR inv. 1545(2) qua
      P.CtYBR inv. 1545(3) qua
Here three originally unrelated manuscripts, each inscribed on one side, were pasted together, bottoms to tops, to form a long roll. This roll was cut apart in 1952, and it was decided to leave the roll in pieces (even though these pieces do not correspond exactly to the three original manuscripts) and to put each of them in a separate frame since each contains a separate text.

The second line of each entry in the catalog provides an indication of the nature of the text. Some indication of the Genre is always provided, and for this purpose there are two main categories: "Literary work" and "Document"; "Uncertain genre" may also occur. The designation "Document" may be replaced by a closer specification from the following list:

• Account
• Acknowledgment
• Address label
• Calligraphic exercise
• Census return
• Certificate
• Christian text
• Contract
• Copy
• Court transcript
• Declaration
• Diploma
• Docket
• Document
• Draft
• Drawing
• Edict
• Epikrisis return
• Fake
• Glossary
• Hypomnema
• Invitation
• Label
• Land record
• Letter
• List
• Literary work
• Magical text
• Mathematical text
• Medical text
• Morning report
• Mummy label
• Musical text
• Note
• Notification
• Oath
• Onomasticon
• Oracle
• Order
• Paignia
• Petition
• Protocol
• Receipt
• Register
• Registration
• Report
• School exercise
• Seal
• Self-dedication
• Stylus
• Summons
• Table
• Uncertain genre
• Wax tablet
• Will
• Witness subscription
• Word list
• Writing exercise
The indication of Genre may be followed by a brief Description of the content of the text. Here square brackets and dots may be used in a manner approximating papyrological transcription; for this purpose, three dots within square brackets ([...]) always stand for an unspecified number of missing letters.

Language

The third line of each entry in the catalog provides an indication of the language in which the text is written. The following languages are represented:

• Arabic
• Aramaic
• Egyptian
  For Egyptian texts, an additional specification indicates the script used: Coptic, Demotic, Hieratic, or Hieroglyphic (here meaning the cursive hieroglyphic script used on papyrus), e.g.: Egyptian\Demotic.
• Greek
• Hebrew
• Italian
• Latin
• Parthian
• Persian
• Syriac

For bilingual texts, both languages are given, separated by a comma, e.g.: Greek, Latin.  When several languages are thus listed, the order in which they appear is not significant.  Question marks indicate uncertainty about the identification of the language (or script), and occasionally several possibilities are suggested, e.g.:  Greek?, Egyptian\Coptic?" Uncertain language" means that the script is so far unrecognizable. "No language" means that the "text" in this case is non-linguistic, usually a drawing of some kind and classified generically as "Drawing" in the Genre/Description.

Date

Next comes an indication of the date of the text, if a date can be determined or has been proposed by a scholar. Many entries in the catalog do not contain this item. In principle, dates are not given that are no more than obvious deductions based on the language of the text (e.g., any Arabic text most likely dates from the Medieval or modern periods, any Coptic text from the Byzantine, Medieval, or modern periods), or on the material of the manuscript (e.g., no paper manuscript is likely to date from before the Medieval period). When a date is given, it is always preceded by a designation of the period of Egyptian history in which it falls (sometimes only this designation of period, or a span of periods, is given), as follows:

• Pharaonic : from the beginning of Egyptian history to 332 BCE (the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great).
• Ptolemaic : from 332 BCE to 30 BCE (the conquest of Egypt by the Romans).
• Roman : from 30 BCE to 300 CE (during the reign of the Roman emperor Diocletian).
• Byzantine : from 300 CE to 641 CE (the conquest of Egypt by the Arabs).
• Medieval : from 641 CE to 1798 CE (the conquest of Egypt by Napoleon Bonaparte).
• Modern : from 1798 CE to the present.

If a more precise date can by given, this follows the designation of the historical period. CE stands for "common era" (= AD) and BCE stands for "before the common era" (= BC). Centuries are indicated by lower-case Roman numerals (e.g., CE ii means "second century of the common era"). Before a century, the indications "early" and "late" mean roughly the first half and roughly the second half of a century, respectively, and "mid-" means roughly the second and third quarters of a century. Months are abbreviated Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec, and the basic form for presenting a specific day is, e.g., CE 36, Aug 17. Question marks express doubts of various sorts about the accuracy of the dating; these are the doubts of whomever suggested the date in the first place.

The initials of the first scholar to propose a given date are recorded in square brackets after the date, except when the date cannot reasonably be disputed (i.e., when the date is preserved unambiguously in the text itself, or when it covers so broad a span that it could hardly be wrong).

Suggested dates that have been proved wrong are omitted; otherwise, significant differences of opinion are noted. Many of the opinions recorded here have not been published, but have been drawn from various records in the library's files. The nature of these records sometimes makes it difficult to determine who was the author of the opinion; in these cases a question mark indicates the uncertainty. For the 1931a acquisition, many dates were suggested in the initial inventory written in Cairo at the time the manuscripts were purchased; these dates are attributed below to Michael Ivanovich Rostovtzeff (MIR), but Charles Bradford Welles (CBW) actually committed the inventory to paper and surely was involved in suggesting dates, as were scholars at the French Institute in Cairo (Welles 1964b: 1). On the other hand, CBW himself later consulted many scholars about the dating of individual manuscripts, and so dates attributed to him could well have been proposed initially by someone else. In particular, all dates first proposed in P.Yale I are attributed to CBW even though he had acknowledged collaborators on that publication. Similarly, all dates first proposed in P.Yale II are attributed to Susan A. Stephens (SAS) even though she too had acknowledged collaborators. It is also difficult to distinguish between the contributions of Arthur Surridge Hunt (ASH) and Bernard Payne Grenfell (BPG), not to mention any unnamed scholars whom they may have consulted.

The following initials occur:

• AB = Albert Bruckner
• AD = Adolf Deissmann
• AES = Alan Edouard Samuel
• AHS = Archibald Henry Sayce
• AM = Alain Martin
• AMH = Austin Morris Harmon
• AS = Adam Serfass
• ASA = Aziz Suriyal Atiya
• ASH = Arthur Surridge Hunt
• BAP = Birger A. Pearson
• BB = Briant Bohleke
• BMM = Bruce Manning Metzger
• BPG = Bernard Payne Grenfell
• CBW = Charles Bradford Welles
• CHK = Carl H. Kraeling
• CHR = Colin H. Roberts
• CP = Cesare Paoli
• DHS = Deborah Hobson Samuel
• ECB = Eric Crull Baade
• ECU = Eugene Cruz-Uribe
• EE = Émile Egger
• EGT = Eric G. Turner
• EHG = Elizabeth H. Gilliam
• FDF = Francesco del Furia
• GFT = Giuliana Foti Talamanca
• GJ = Gustave Jéquier
• GM = Georg Maldfeld
• GMP = George M. Parássoglou
• HAM = Herbert Anthony Musurillo
• HIB = Harold Idris Bell
• HJP = Hans Jacob Polotsky
• HMH = Harry M. Hubbell
• JASE = J.A.S. Evans
• JDR = John D. Ray
• JDT = J.David Thomas
• JFG = J.F. Gilliam
• JFQ = Joachim Friedrich Quack
• JG = J. Gascou
• JOC = José O'Callaghan
• JOT = Jan-Olof Tjäder
• KR = Kim Ryholt
• KWC = Kenneth W. Clark
• LSB = Ludlow S. Bull
• LSBM = Leslie S.B. MacCoull
• MEW = Marcia E. Weinstein
• MIR = Michael Ivanovich Rostovtzeff
• NA = Nabia Abbott
• NAB = Nikos A. Bees
• NL = Naphtali Lewis
• PM = Paul Maas
• PP = Pierre Proulx
• PRR = Peter R. Rodgers
• PS = Philip Sellew
• PV = Pascal Vernus
• RAP = Richard A. Parker
• RD = Ruth Duttenhoefer
• REB = Robert E. Bennett
• RGB = Robert G. Babcock
• RK = Rodolphe Kasser
• RKR = Robert K. Ritner
• RM = Robert Marichal
• ROF = Robert O. Fink
• RSB = Roger S. Bagnall
• SAS = Susan A. Stephens
• SLE = Stephen Lewis Emmel
• SPV = Sven P. Vleeming
• TCP = Theodore C. Petersen
• TCS = Theodore C. Skeat
• WAJ = William A. Johnson
• WF = Walter Federn
• WHPH = William H.P. Hatch
• WS = Wolfgang Schäfer
• ZMP = Zola Marie Packman

Place of origin

Next comes an indication of the place of origin of the text, if this can be determined or reasonably proposed.  The spellings and coordinates of sites are drawn largely from John Baines and Jaromír Málek, Atlas of Ancient Egypt (New York: Facts on File Publications, 1980).

The following ancient places are attested:

In Egypt:

• Akanthon Polis (Memphite nome)
• Alexandria (31 12'N 29 53'E)
• Ankyronon Polis (28 48'N 30 55'E, modern el-Hiba)
• Antaeopolite nome (around 26 54'N 31 31'E)
• Antinoopolis
• Aphrodito (26 50'N 31 25'E, modern Kom Ishqaw)
• Apollinopolis Magna (24 59'N 32 52'E, modern Edfu)
• Apollonopolites Heptakomias
• Apollonos Polis (26 56'N 31 20'E, modern Kom Isfaht)
• Arsinoite nome (around 29 19'N 30 50'E)
• Arsinoiton Polis
• Athenas Kome (Arsinoite nome)
• Bacchias (29 32'N 31 00'E, modern Kom el-Asl)
• Bacchias Hephaistias
• Bawit (west of Dairut, 27 34'N 30 49'E)
• Bubastis
• Cynopolite nome (around 28 29'N 30 51'E)
• Djeme (25 43'N 32 36'E, modern Medinet Habu)
• Euhemeria (29 23'N 30 32'E, modern Qasr el-Banat)
• el-Fustat (30 00'N 31 14'E, modern Old Cairo)
• Hawara (20 16'N 30 54'E)
• Heracleopolite nome (around 29 05'N 30 56'E)
• Hermopolis (27 47'N 30 48'E, modern el-Ashmunein)
• Hermopolite nome (around 27 47'N 30 48'E)
• Hypsele (27 09'N 31 14'E, modern Shutb)
• Ibion Eikosipentarouron (Arsinoite nome)
• Karanis (Arsinoite nome)
• Kemeskouphios Ibion
• Kerke (Arsinoite nome)
• Kerkesoucha (in the vicinity of Karanis, 29 31'N 30 54'E)
• Kerkesoucha Orous (in the vicinity of Tebtynis)
• Leontos Epoikion (Oxyrhynchite nome)
• Magdola (Arsinoite nome)
• Memphis (29 51'N 31 15'E, modern Mit Rahina)
• Mendes Delta Region (30 57'N 31 31'E, modern Tell el-Rubca)
• Moiethymis (Memphite nome)
• Narmouthis (Arsinoite nome)
• Oxyrhynchite nome (around 28 32'N 30 40'E)
• Oxyrhynchus (28 32'N 30 40'E, modern el-Bahnasa)
• Palosis (Oxyrhynchite nome)
• Philadelphia (29 27'N 31 05'E, modern Kom el-Kharaba el-Kebir)
• Philopator-Theogenous (in the vicinity of Karanis, 29 31'N 30 54'E, and Soknopaiou Nesos, 29 32'N 30 40'E)
• Phtochis (Oxyrhynchite nome)
• Polemonos Meris (Arsinoite nome)
• Psentepho
• Ptolemais
• Ptolemais Drymou (in the south-western Faiyum region)
• Ptolemais Euergetis (29 19'N 30 50'E, modern Medinet el-Faiyum)
• el-Qahira (30 04'N 31 15'E, modern Cairo)
• Senekeleu (Oxyrhynchite nome)
• Sepho (in the Oxyrhynchite nome, Thmoisepho toparchy, pagus 7)
• Serypheos Topoi (Oxyrhynchite nome)
• Seryphis (Oxyrhynchite nome)
• Sinary (Oxyrhynchite nome)
• Soknopaiou Nesos (29 32'N 30 40'E, modern Dimai
• Syron Kome (Arsinoite nome)
• Tanyaithis (Apollonopolites Heptakomias)
• Tebtynis (29 07'N 30 45'E, modern Tell Umm el-Breigat)
• Theadelphia (29 21'N 30 34'E, modern Batn Ihrit)
• Thebes (25 42'N 32 38'E, modern Luxor)
• Titkois (Hermopolite nome)

Outside of Egypt:
• Antioch (Syria)
• Dura-Europos (Syria)
• Edessa (Syria)
• Ossa (Syria)
• Paliga (Syria)
• Palmyra (Syria)
• Qatna (Syria)
• Ravenna (Italy) (44 25'N 12 12'E)
• Southern Italy
• Syracuse (Sicily) (37 04'N 15 18'E)

If a place of origin cannot be identified or proposed, one of the following modern places may be named, indicating that the manuscript in question was purchased there or otherwise associated with the place in modern times (Cairo and all non-Egyptian sites have been systematically ignored in this regard):

• Abutig (27 02'N 31 19'E, ancient Apotheke)
• Akhmim (26 34'N 31 45'E, ancient Panopolis)
• el-Bahnasa (28 32'N 30 40'E, ancient Oxyrhynchus)
• Edfu (24 59'N 32 52'E, ancient Apollinopolis Magna)
• Faiyum region (around 29 19'N 30 50'E)
• Luxor (25 42'N 32 38'E, ancient Thebes)
• Medinet el-Faiyum (29 19'N 30 50'E, ancient Ptolemais Euergetis [Arsinoe])
• el-Minya (28 06'N 30 45'E)
• Nag Hammadi region (around 26 03'N 32 15'E)
• Tell Umm el-Breigat (29 07'N 30 45'E, ancient Tebtunis)
  

The fourth element of each entry in the catalog provides a brief physical description of the text and the manuscript on which it is inscribed, with the manuscript described first.

If the manuscript is on a material other than papyrus, the base material is specified. If neither "Parchment," "Paper," "Wood," nor "Palm" is specified, one may assume that the material is papyrus. The specification "Paper" is sometimes followed by a parenthetical indication of the thickness of the material, in millimeters (to the nearest micron); the measurement given is an average of at least three separate measurements taken with a micrometer at different spots on the manuscript.

Next come the dimensions of the manuscript. (Note: these are not given for manuscripts that require conservation; such pieces require permission from the curator for use.) Because the manuscripts survive in quite various shapes as a result of deterioration, the measurements define the smallest rectangle, constructed with its sides parallel to the edges of the acrylic frame, that can contain the surviving remnant of the manuscript. The dimensions are given in millimeters (to the nearest millimeter), height by width, with these axes defined by the orientation of the manuscript when the paper label inside the frame is properly oriented for reading it. Thus height and width here are not defined by the orientation of any text inscribed on the manuscript except in so far as each manuscript was mounted such that the proper orientation of its frame according to the paper label results in the proper orientation of at least one text on the front of the manuscript.

Then comes an indication of the number of extant lines of text (or columns of text, in the case of Egyptian hieroglyphic texts). Even minute traces of ink have been counted as evidence for the existence of a line of text. Question marks indicate some uncertainty about the accuracy of the count. A heading that runs above more than one column is counted only as a part of the column over which it begins.

Last comes an indication of which margins are preserved, if any. Here "top," "right," "bottom," and "left" are always determined by the proper orientation of the text for reading. Question marks indicate some uncertainty either about whether or not the relevant margin is really in evidence, or about the proper orientation of the text. In cases of serious doubt about interpreting the evidence for inscription, the indications of lines and margins are replaced by the simple indication "traces," meaning that only indistinct traces of ink are discernible, or by "traces (?)," meaning that even their identification as ink is uncertain. Occasionally, in order to avoid possible ambiguity, it is stated that a given fragment or side is "blank."

This line of a catalog entry is more complicated if the manuscript consists of more than one fragment (in which case separate dimensions and indications of lines and margins are given for each fragment), or if a text is inscribed on both sides of the manuscript (in which case separate indications of lines and margins are given for sides A and B), or if a text is inscribed in more than one column of lines (in which case separate indications of lines and margins are given for each column, the columns being numbered with lower case Roman numerals in the same direction in which the text was written), or if any combination of these possibilities occurs, e.g.: (1) dimensions, (A)(col. i) lines, margins, (col. ii) lines, margins, (B) lines, margins; (2) dimensions, (A) lines, margins, (B)(col. i) lines margins, (col. ii) lines, margins; (3) dimensions, and so on.

Several manuscripts that were once in the collection are now missing. For these manuscripts, this line of the catalog entry simply states, "Missing," and any descriptive information known about the manuscript is recorded in the fifth line of the entry.

Other Reference Numbers, Miscellaneous Remarks

If the text has ever been referred to by some numbering system other than the current inventory numbers, these other reference numbers are listed at the beginning of the fifth line. Some of these numbers are occasionally found written on the manuscripts themselves. P.Yale inv. numbers that differ from the current P.CtYBR inv. numbers are always listed first. See the Concordance to correlate all these other reference numbers and the current P.CtYBR inv. numbers.

The following abbreviations are used:
Abbott: Serial numbers assigned to the manuscripts described in an unpublished catalog of the 1965c acquisition: Nabia Abbott, Arabic Papyri, Eighth-Eleventh Centuries . A copy of this catalog is kept in the "Papyrology File" in the library's manuscript vault, with the file for the 1965c acquisition.

Bell: Inventory numbers assigned by Harold Idris Bell to manuscripts purchased by him, from which Yale received a selection in 1927; since not all the manuscripts purchased by Bell were acquired by Yale, there are gaps in the numeration. Bell's full inventory and concordances of P.Yale inv. and P.CtYBR inv. numbers are stored in the "Papyrology File" in the library's manuscript vault, in the file for the 1927 acquisition.

BRBL: Call numbers of manuscripts in the Beinecke Library's general collection (other than manuscripts in the papyrus collection); in each case these numbers are no longer valid, the manuscripts having been transferred permanently to the papyrus collection.

Ch.L.A.: Publication numbers assigned to the texts published in: Albert Bruckner and Robert Marichal, Chartae Latinae Antiquiores: Facsimile-Edition of the Latin Charters Prior to the Ninth Century , vols. 6-9 (Dietikon-Zurich: URS Graf-Verlag, 1975-1977).

C.Ptol.Sklav.: Publication numbers assigned to the texts published in: Corpus der ptolemaischen Sklaventexte , ed. R.Scholl, 1.Teil: Text Nr. 1-144, 2.Teil: Text Nr. 115-260, 3.Teil: Indices (Forschungen zur antiken Sklaverei ..., Bh.1), Stuttgart 1990.

Kraus: Catalog numbers assigned to the manuscripts described in: [Theodore C. Petersen], A Collection of Papyri: Egyptian, Greek, Coptic, Arabic , H.P. Kraus Catalogue, no. 105 (New York, [1964]); Yale purchased all the manuscripts in this collection in 1964. An annotated copy of this Kraus Catalogue is stored in the "Papyrology File" in the library's manuscript vault, in the file for the 1964 acquisition. These catalog numbers were sometimes used by scholars with the prefix "P.Beinecke inv."

NT P: Internationally recognized numbers assigned to Greek papyrus manuscripts of the New Testament; see, e.g., Kurt Aland, Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments , Arbeiten zur neutestamentlichen Textforschung, vol. 1 (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1963).

OT: Internationally recognized numbers assigned to Greek manuscripts of the Old Testament; see, e.g., John William Wevers, Genesis , Septuaginta: Vetus Testamentum Graecum Auctoritate Academiae Scientiarum Gottingensis Editum, vol. 1 (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 1974), 9-28; or Kurt Aland, Repertorium der griechischen christlichen Papyri , vol. 1, Biblische Papyri , Patristische Texte und Studien, vol. 18 (Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1976).

P.Bacch.: Publication numbers assigned to the texts published in: Elizabeth H. Gilliam, "The Archives of the Temple of Soknobraisis at Bacchias," Yale Classical Studies 10 (1947): 179-281.

P.Beinecke inv.: See. Kraus

P.Coll.Youtie: Publication numbers assigned to the texts published in: A.E. Hanson, ed., Collectanea Papyrologica: Texts Published in Honor of H.C. Youtie , 2 vols., Papyrologische Texte und Abhandlungen, vols. 19-20 (Bonn: Rudolf Habelt, 1976).

P.Dura:

P.Fay.: Publication numbers assigned to the texts published in: Bernard P. Grenfell, Arthur S. Hunt, and David G. Hogarth, Fayûm Towns and their Papyri , Graeco-Roman Memoirs, vol. 3 (London: Egypt Exploration Fund, 1900).

P.Haw.: Publication numbers assigned to the texts published in: W.M. Flinders Petrie, Hawara, Biahmu, and Arsinoe (London: Field and Tuer, etc., 1889).

P.Hib.: Publication numbers assigned to the texts published in: Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, The Hibeh Papyri , vol. 1, Graeco-Roman Memoirs, vol. 7 (London: Egypt Exploration Fund, 1906).

P.Oxy.: Publication numbers assigned to the texts published in: Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, The Oxyrhynchus Papyri , vols. 1-6, Graeco-Roman Memoirs, vols. 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9 (London: Egypt Exploration Fund, 1898-1908).

P.Rainer Cent.: Publication numbers assigned to the texts published in: Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer, Festschrift zum 100-jährigen Bestehen der Papyrussammlung der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek (Vienna: Verlag Brüder Hollinek, 1983).

P.Turner: Publication numbers assigned to the texts published in: P.J. Parsons et al., eds., Papyri Greek and Egyptian Edited by Various Hands in Honour of Eric Gardner Turner on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday , Graeco-Roman Memoirs, vol. 68 (London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1981).

P.Yale: Publication numbers assigned to the texts published in: John F. Oates, Alan E. Samuel, and C. Bradford Welles, Yale Papyri in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library , vol. 1, American Studies in Papyrology, vol. 2 (New Haven and Toronto: American Society of Papyrologists, 1967); and Susan A. Stephens, Yale Papyri in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library , vol. 2, American Studies in Papyrology, vol. 24 (Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1985).

P.Yale Copt.: Publication numbers assigned to the texts published in: Leslie S.B. MacCoull, Coptic Documentary Papyri from the Beinecke Library (Yale University) , Publications de la Société d'archéologie copte, textes et documents, vol. 17 (Cairo: Arab World Printing House, 1986).

P.Yale inv.: Inventory numbers assigned to the manuscripts in the Yale Papyrus Collection more or less as they were acquired, through 1966. Because this system of inventory numbers was unsatisfactory, it has been superseded by the P.CtYBR inv. numbers that are now the current call numbers. The new numbers were made to correspond to the old whenever possible, in an attempt to minimize confusion. Thus, a P.Yale inv. number is recorded in the catalog only when it differs from the manuscript's P.CtYBR inv. number. Even in the acquisitions to which P.Yale inv. numbers were assigned, not every manuscript was assigned a number. This circumstance is signalled ("P.Yale inv. without number") only when necessary to avoid misunderstanding (with respect to correlation between P.CtYBR inv. and P.Yale inv. numbers).

The entire series of P.Yale inv. numbers was A1-A13, 1-1899, 2000-2057, 2080-2125, 2183, 2585-2605, 2607-2752. In addition, the numbers 2126-2182 were used for manuscripts loaned to the library by various institutions in 1966 (marked * below) and subsequently returned. The following list shows the entire series of P.Yale inv. numbers that were assigned, and the acquisitions to which they correspond (see also p. ):

P.Yale inv.	Accession
A1-A13	1909
1-69	1889, 1901, 1904, 1906
70-295	1927
296-971	1931a
972-1213	1931b
1214-1443	1931c
1444-1523	1928
1524-1526	1931b (?)
1527-1546	1933
1547-1659	1935
1660-1689	1937
1690-1698	1950
1699-1721	1951
1722-1724	1954
1725	1955
1726-1727	1958
1728	1959
1729	1963
1730-1738	1945
1739-1878	1964
1879-1899	1965a
1900-1999	[not used]
2000-2057	1965a
2058-2079	[not used]
2080-2124	1966
2125	1965b
2126-2134	* Metropolitan Museum of Art
2135-2144	* Vassar College
2145-2158	* Mount Holyoke College
2159-2167	* McCormick Theological Seminary
2168-2172	* Brooklyn Museum
2173-2182	* Harvard University
2183	Beinecke Library GEN MS 544
2184-2584	[not used]
2585-2605	1965c
2606	[not used]
2607-2752	1965c

Pack: Serial numbers assigned to the texts listed in: Roger A. Pack, The Greek and Latin Literary Texts from Greco-Roman Egypt , 2d ed. (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1965); "appendix" refers to the texts listed in the appendix of patristic texts on pp. 152-55.

Peabody: Object numbers 6928-6941 (group accession number 3052) assigned by the Peabody Museum to the manuscripts acquired by Yale in 1909. See Object number 6 , acquired by Beinecke in 1996; see Acq. 1996d.

PGM: Serial numbers assigned to the texts translated in: Hans Dieter Betz, ed., The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation including the Demotic Spells (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1986).

Rom.Mil.Rec.: Publication numbers assigned to the texts published in: Robert O. Fink, Roman Military Records on Papyrus , Philological Monographs of the American Philological Association, vol. 26 (Cleveland: Case Western Reserve University Press, 1971).

Rost.: Inventory numbers assigned by Michael Ivanovich Rostovtzeff to manuscripts at the time he and Charles Bradford Welles purchased them in 1931 (1931a acquisition). Rostovtzeff's inventory and a concordance of P.CtYBR inv. numbers are stored in the "Papyrology File" in the library's manuscript vault, in the file for the 1931a acquisition.

SB: Serial numbers assigned to the texts reprinted in: F. Preisigke et al., eds., Sammelbuch griechischer Urkunden aus Aegypten , vols. 1- (Strassburg etc., 1913-); volume numbers are given in Roman numerals.

Tjäder: Publication numbers assigned to the texts published in: Jan-Olof Tjäder, Die nichtliterarischen lateinischen Papyri Italiens aus der Zeit 445-700 , 3 vols., Skrifter utgivna av Svenska institutet i Rom (Acta Instituti Romani Regni Sueciae), vol. 19, nos. 1-3 (Lund: C.W.K. Gleerup, 1954-1982).

van Haelst: Serial numbers assigned to the texts listed in: Joseph van Haelst, Catalogue des papyrus littéraires juifs et chrétiens , Université de Paris IV Paris-Sorbonne, série "papyrologie," vol. 1 (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1976).

Miscellaneous remarks

Next there may appear remarks of various sorts relevant to the study of the manuscript or text. Occasionally these remarks point out an important modification to what was said in the General Introduction about the conservation of manuscripts that consist of two or more fragments.

It is sometimes possible to trace the papyrus fiber pattern of a manuscript horizontally across two fragments but not vertically, or vice versa. When it is possible thus to establish the relative positions of two fragments with certainty along one axis, but not along the other, these fragments have been labeled with serial fragment numbers in the usual manner, but also they have been positioned in the frame in such a way as to preserve their correct relative positions along the one axis or the other. In such a case, a remark appears in the catalog on the model of: "The relative positions of fragments (1) and (2) are certain along the vertical axis; the horizontal distance between them is uncertain" (e.g., P.CtYBR inv. 696). The axes are defined as horizontal and vertical by the orientation of the manuscript when the paper label inside the frame is properly oriented for reading it. The distance established between two such fragments by conservation is generally arbitrary; the precision with which their relative positions can be established along the other axis depends on factors such as the clarity of the fiber pattern and the actual distance between the fragments in the original integral manuscript.

When such factors make it impossible to be certain about a fiber pattern continuity that is nonetheless a reasonable hypothesis, the word "certain" in the catalog remark is replaced by "probable" (e.g., P.CtYBR inv. 1098). If the distance between two fragments can be established by means of a nearly certain philological restoration of the text, then they may have been joined in this relationship by conservation techniques and are regarded as a single fragment (e.g., P.CtYBR inv. 1786[4]).

References to manuscripts in papyrus collections other than Yale's use the abbreviations established by John F. Oates et al., Checklist of Editions of Greek Papyri and Ostraca (3d ed.; Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists Supplements, vol. 4; Scholars Press, 1985).

Acquisition

This line of each entry always indicates by year the acquisition to which the manuscript belongs, as follows: 1889:     Donated by Jesse Haworth, October 1889. From W.M.F. Petrie's excavation at Hawara. P.CtYBR inv. 17-19.

1901:     Donated by the Egypt Exploration Fund, January 1901. From the Egypt Exploration Fund's excavations.  P.CtYBR inv. 1, 7, 8, 14-16, 30-33, 35, 37, 40-43, 2190.

1904:     Donated by the Egypt Exploration Fund, 1904. From the Egypt Exploration Fund's excavations. P.CtYBR inv. 2-6, 9-13, 28 (?), 29 (?), 34, 36, 39, 50-64.

1906:     Donated by the Egypt Exploration Fund, 1906. From the Egypt Exploration Fund's excavations. P.CtYBR inv. 20-27, 28 (?), 29 (?), 38, 44-49, 65-69, 2189 (?).

1909:     Donated by the Egypt Exploration Fund, March 1909. From the Egypt Exploration Fund's excavations. P.CtYBR inv. 2191-2203.

1927:     Purchased in Egypt on behalf of Yale, with funds that may have been donated by the General Education Fund of the Rockefeller Foundation's General Education Board, as follows (dealers' names are given as Harold Idris Bell reported them):
1. by David L. Askren, before 1927. P.CtYBR inv. 79-109, 2058-2067.

2. by Harold Idris Bell from Cabulla Ali Suliman in el-Bahnasa, 29 November 1926. P.CtYBR inv. 77, 78, 2890 (?), 2891 (?).

3. by Bell in el-Minya and Akhmim, 29 November and 3 December 1926. P.CtYBR inv. 113-133, 2068-2075.

4. by Bell in Luxor, 6 December 1926. P.CtYBR inv. 70, 71.

5. by Bell from Hamed Hamid in Edfu, 7 December 1926. P.CtYBR inv. 72.

6. by Bell from Hassein Abdel Salam in Cairo, 14 December 1926. P.CtYBR inv. 73-76.

7. by Bell from Ishmail Abdallah el Shaer in Cairo, 14 December 1926. P.CtYBR inv. 111, 112.

8. by Bell from Abdul Mossum in Cairo, 21 December 1926. P.CtYBR inv. 110.

9. by Bell from Tadaros in Medinet el-Faiyum, 24 December 1926. P.CtYBR inv. 152-159, 2079.

10. by William Linn Westermann from M. Elgabry in Cairo, 11 January 1927. P.CtYBR inv. 160, 161.

11. by Westermann from Trifon Kalimkurion in Cairo, 20 January 1927. P.CtYBR inv. 134-136, 2076-2078.

12. by Francis Willey Kelsey and Askren from Tadaros in Medinet el-Faiyum, late 1926 or early 1927. P.CtYBR inv. 168-212, 2147-2154.

13. by Askren, late 1926 or early 1927. P.CtYBR inv. 137-151, 162-167, 240, 279, 280, 2126-2146.

14. by Bell and Westermann from Maurice Nahman in Cairo, late 1926. P.CtYBR inv. 213-239, 241-278, 281-295, 2155-2188.

The manuscripts were brought to Yale from the British Museum between 9 May and 11 October 1927. P.CtYBR inv. 70-295, 2058-2079, 2126-2188, 2890 (?), 2891 (?). 1928:     There is no record of how these manuscripts were acquired. P.CtYBR inv. 1444-1522.

1931a:    Purchased by Michael Ivanovich Rostovtzeff and Charles Bradford Welles in Egypt, 1931 before 10 February, with funds donated by Edward Stephen Harkness and Horatio McLeod Reynolds, as follows (dealers' names in quotation marks are given precisely as Welles recorded them): 1. from Maurice Nahman in Cairo. P.CtYBR inv. 296-319, 323-397, 399, 400, 409-414, 415 (in part), 416-432, 434-441, 443-462, 465-470, 475-479, 481-488.

2. from "Dr. Kondilios" in Cairo. P.CtYBR inv. 320-322, 398, 401-408, 415 (in part), 433, 442, 463, 464, 471-474, 480, 489-840, 841 (?), 900, 906, 920, 930, 932, 951, 952, 958, 963, 2945, 2946, 2969-2977, 4080.

3. from Phocion J. Tano in Cairo. P.CtYBR inv. 842-899, 2354.

4. from "Izabi (in Faiyum)." P.CtYBR inv. 901-905, 907-910.

5. from "Gabriel" in Luxor. P.CtYBR inv. 911.

6. from "Tadrus" in Luxor. P.CtYBR inv. 912.

7. from Ralph Harrup Blanchard in Cairo. P.CtYBR inv. 913.

8. from an unspecified dealer in the Faiyum. P.CtYBR inv. 914-919, 921-929, 931, 933-950, 953-957, 959-962, 964-971.
  The manuscripts arrived at Yale on 24 June 1931. P.CtYBR inv. 296-840, 841 (?), 842-971, 2354, 2945, 2946, 2969-2977.

1931b:     Purchased by Michael Ivanovich Rostovtzeff from Maurice Nahman in Cairo, April 1931, probably before 7 April, with funds donated by Edward Stephen Harkness and Horatio McLeod Reynolds. P.CtYBR inv. 972-1130, 1131 (?), 1132, 1133, 1134 (?), 1135-1152, 1153 (?), 1154 (?), 1155 (?), 1156, 1157, 1158 (?), 1159-1210, 1211 (?), 1212, 1213 (?), 2269-2314, 3034-3036, 3057, 3804. This acquisition probably also included P.CtYBR inv. 1523-1526, purchased "from dealer opposite museum." The manuscripts arrived at Yale on 24 June 1931.

1931c:     Purchased by Michael Ivanovich Rostovtzeff from Maurice Nahman in Paris, 13 September 1931, with funds donated by Edward Stephen Harkness and Horatio McLeod Reynolds. P.CtYBR inv. 841 (?), 1131 (?), 1134 (?), 1153 (?), 1154 (?), 1155 (?), 1158 (?), 1211 (?), 1213 (?), 1214-1443, 2315-2328.

1933:     Purchased by Michael Ivanovich Rostovtzeff from Maurice Nahman in Paris, June 1933, with funds donated by Edward Stephen Harkness and Horatio McLeod Reynolds. P.CtYBR inv. 841 (?), 1527-1534, 1535 (?), 1536, 1537, 1538 (?), 1539 (?), 1540 (?), 1541 (?), 1542-1545, 1546 (?), 1631 (?), 1651 (?), 1652 (?), 1656 (?).

1935:     Purchased by Michael Ivanovich Rostovtzeff from Maurice Nahman in Paris, July 1935, with funds donated by Edward Stephen Harkness and Horatio McLeod Reynolds. P.CtYBR inv. 841 (?), 1535 (?), 1538 (?), 1539 (?), 1540 (?), 1541 (?), 1546 (?), 1547-1569, 1571-1630, 1631 (?), 1632-1650, 1651 (?), 1652 (?), 1653-1655, 1656 (?), 1657-1659, 2944, 2985, 2986.

1937:     Purchased from W.J. Jeffery, October 1937, with funds donated by Edward Stephen Harkness and Horatio McLeod Reynolds. P.CtYBR inv. 1660-1689, 2204-2211.

1941:     Acquired sometime before 10 February 1941. P.CtYBR inv. 2755.

1945:     Donated by Edwin John Beinecke, 24 April 1945. Acquired by Beinecke in Egypt some years before. P.CtYBR inv. 1730-1738, 2212-2245.

1950:     Possibly donated by Mrs. William B. Church (née Agnes M. Curtis), 1948, from the estate of George Munson Curtis; transferred to the papyrus collection in 1950. P.CtYBR inv. 1690, 1698.

1951:     Purchased from Abraham Shalom Ezekiel Yahuda, 8 August 1951, with funds from the Yale Library Associates, a Special Fund, and Yahuda himself. P.CtYBR inv. 1699-1721, 2246, 2247.

1954:     Donated by Henrietta Collins Bartlett, August 1954. P.CtYBR inv. 1722-1724.

1955:     Purchased from William Salloch in New York, 10 November 1955, with funds donated by Edward Stephen Harkness and Horatio McLeod Reynolds. P.CtYBR inv. 1725.

1957:     Purchased from Laurence Witten in New Haven, May 1957, with funds donated by the Jacob Ziskind Charitable Trust. From the library of Sir Thomas Phillipps. P.CtYBR inv. 2585.

1958:     Purchased from Laurence Witten in New Haven, August 1958, with funds donated by Edward Stephen Harkness and Horatio McLeod Reynolds. From the estate of Erik von Scherling. P.CtYBR inv. 1726, 1727.

1959:     Purchased from Laurence Witten in New Haven, 6 June 1959, with funds from the Tarbell Fund. P.CtYBR inv. 1728.

1963:     Purchased from Laurence Witten in New Haven, 29 July 1963, with funds from the Tarbell Fund and the Sterling Fund. P.CtYBR inv. 1729.

1964:     Purchased from Hans P. Kraus in New York, 1 May 1964, with funds donated by Edwin John Beinecke. P.CtYBR inv. 1739-1878, 2248-2268, 2896-2943, 2956, 2978-2981, 2987-3033, 3037-3056, 3548.

1965a:     Purchased by Alan Edouard Samuel from a dealer across from the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, early 1965 (sometime between December 1964 and Spring 1965), with funds donated by Edwin John Beinecke. Related to acquisition 1992b. P.CtYBR inv. 1691-1697, 1879-2015, 2016 (in part), 2017-2057, 2355-2584, 2761-2886, 2947-2955, 2984, 3076, 3077 (in part), 3084-3252, 3254-3474, 3483-3547, 3594, 3600, 3608-3609, 3616, 3618-3622, 3630-3657, 3659-3665, 3668-3673, 3681-3789, 3791, 3793-3803, 3805-3854, 4029-4044 (set aside), 4091-4133, 4725-4735 (set aside).

1965b:     Purchased from Hans P. Kraus in New York, April 1965, with funds donated by Edwin John Beinecke. P.CtYBR inv. 2125, 2329-2342.

1965c:    Donated by Hans P. Kraus, December 1965. P.CtYBR inv. 2587-2752, 2965-2968.

1966a:    Donated by William K. Simpson, 23 September 1966. P.CtYBR inv. 2586.

1966b:    Donated by Hans P. Kraus, December 1966. P.CtYBR inv. 2080-2124, 2343-2353, 2982, 2983, 3058-3075.

1972:     Donated by Thomas E. Marston, 1972. P.CtYBR inv. 2753.

1973:     Donated by Stanley B. Rich, 21 December 1973. Previously owned by Édouard Naville. P.CtYBR inv. 2754, 2756-2758.

1974:     Donated by Hassan Ragab on behalf of the Papyrus Institute, Cairo, 14 October 1974. P.CtYBR inv. 2759, 2760.

pre-1983:    There is no record of how or when these manuscripts were acquired (but they were already in the collection in 1983). P.CtYBR inv. 2887-2889, 2892-2895.

1989:    Donated by Laurence C. and Cora Witten, 25 July 1989. P.CtYBR inv. 2957-2964.

1992a:   Purchased from Laurence C. Witten, 25 September 1992. P.CtYBR inv. 3253, 3475-3482.

1992b:   Purchased from Alan Edouard Samuel (University of Toronto) in New York, 24 February 1992. Related to acquisition 1965a. P.CtYBR inv. 2016 (in part), 3077 (in part), 3078-3083, 3601-3607, 3610-3615, 3617, 3623-3629, 3658, 3666-3667, 3790, 3855-3999, 4001-4028, 4045-4079, 4081-4090, 4134-4183, 4186-4474, 4512-4596, 4675-4689, 4700, 4736-4899, 4901-4970; remainder not inventoried.

1993a:   Purchased from Bruce Ferrini, 8 July 1993. P.CtYBR inv. 1570, 3549-3593.

1993b:   Donated by William Kelly Simpson, 12 November 1993. P.CtYBR inv. 3598 qua. Demotic sales contract from 181-180 BCE.

1994a:    Purchased from Sam Fogg, 28 February 1994. P.CtYBR inv. 3674-3680. 7 wooden tablets with Greek and Coptic texts, mostly school exercises, few documents.

1994b:    Purchased from Maggs Brothers Ltd., 24 May 1994. P.Ct.YBR inv. 3595-3597. 3 Coptic papyri, containing magic and religious texts.

1994c:    Purchased from Bruce Ferrini, 25 July 1994; not inventoried. Several layers of mummy cartonnage, which were resolved and separated by R. Babcock and R. Duttenhoefer. The papyrus fragments are placed in blotting paper and set aside to await further restoration. Greek and Demotic fragments, Ptolemaic.

1995a:    Purchased from Sam Fogg, 1995. P.CtYBR inv. 3599, 3792. 3599: papyrus codex, literary work, Christian; 3792: document, letter of a monk.

1996a:    Purchased from Gallery Nefer, Zurich, 12 February 1996. P.CtYBR inv. 4000, 4715-4724.

1996b:    Purchased from Gallery Nefer, Zurich, 1996. P.CtYBR inv. 4475- 4509, 4511.

1996c:    Purchased from Gallery Nefer, Zurich, 1996. P.CtYBR inv. 4510, 4609, 4616-4626, 4629-4635, 4637-4641, 4659-4664.

1996d:    Transfer from Peabody Museum, P.CtYBR inv.4971-4985.

1997a:    Purchased from Gallery Nefer, Zurich, 1997. P.CtYBR inv. 4500-4501 (partly), 4597-4615, 4627-4658, 4636-4637 (partly), 4642-4658, 4665-4674, 4690-4699, 4701-4714, 4900. Not fully inventoried.

Bibliography

In many entries, a sixth line beginning with the indication "Bibliography" introduces abbreviated references to elected publications of or concerning the text. In principle, only publications concerning the physical description of the manuscript or the philological establishment of the text are included, in chronological order. References to SB (See Other reference numbers ) are not repeated. Aland, Kurt. 1963. "Neue neutestamentliche Papyri II." New Testament Studies 9:303-16.

Arangio-Ruiz, Font Iur 3 = Arangio-Ruiz, Vincent. Fontes Iuris Romani Antejustiniani . Vol. 3, Negotia . 2d ed. Florence: S.A.G. Barbèra, 1972.

Baade, Eric Crull. 1956. "Two Yale Papyri Dealing with the Roman Army in Egypt." In Akten des VIII. Internationalen Kongresses für Papyrologie, Wien, 1955 , 23-27. Mitteilungen aus der Papyrussammlung der Österreich ischen Nationalbibliothek, 2d ser., vol. 5. Vienna

Babcock, Robert G. 1993. "A New Papyrus of Demosthenes' Contra Timocratem ." Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 30: 19-22.

------. 1994. "Demosthenes' De Chersoneso (P.CtYBR inv. 1348; pl. I 1)." Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 100:45-46

Babcock, Robert G., and William A. Johnson. 1994. "The Appian Papyrus From Dura Europos (P.Dura 2)." Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 31: 85-88.

Bagnall, Roger S. 1974. "The Toparch Leon and his Archive." Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 15:215-20.

------. 1981. "End of a Sale Contract." In Scritti in onore di Orsolina Montevecchi , 11-14. Bologna: CLUEB.

------. 1983. "Nomination of a Goldsmith to Collect Taxes." In Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer, Festschrift zum 100-jährigen Bestehen der Papyrussammlung der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek , 422-25. Vienna: Verlag Brüder Hollinek.

------. 1999. "Lender, Borrower and Banker in P. Yale I 65." Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 36:45-52.

Bagnall, Roger S., and K.A. Worp. 1994. "Three Notes on Byzantine Documents." Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 101:96-98.

Balcz, H. 1938. "Das Totenbuch des Senwosret aus der Wiener Papyrussamm lung." Archiv für ägyptische Archäologie 1:54-55.

Bastianini, Guido. 1969. "La carriera di Sarapion alias Apollonianus." Aegyptus 49:149-82.

Bauer, Johannes B. 1975. "Notulae Quaedam de Interpretatione." Studia Papyrologica 14:127-28.

B[ees], N[ikos] A. 1934. Review of "Ein literarischer Papyrus des 11.-12. Jahrhunderts n. Chr." by Adolf Deissmann and Paul Maas. Byzantinisch-neugriechische Jahrbücher 10:470.

Betz, Hans Dieter, ed. 1986. The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation including the Demotic Spells . Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

BGU XIV = Brashear, William M. Ptolemäische Urkunden aus Mumienkartonage . Aegyptische Urkunden aus den Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin: Griechische Urkunden, vol. 14. Berlin 1981.

Bingen, Jean. 1965. Review of "On the Collection of Revenues in Grain in Ptolemaic Egypt" by C. Bradford Welles. Chronique d'Égypte 40:456-57.

------. 1968. Review of "An Early Papyrus Text of Isocrates: P. Yale Inventory 2082" by Alan E. Samuel. Chronique d'Égypte 43:191.

------. 1974. Review of "Five Private Letters from Roman Egypt" by George M. Parássoglou. Chronique d'Égypte 49:390-91.

BL IV = David, M., B.A. van Groningen, and E. Kiessling, eds. 1964. Berichtigungsliste der griechischen Papyrusurkunden aus Aegypten . Vol. 4. Leiden.

BL V = Boswinkel, E., M. David, B.A. van Groningen, E. Kiessling, eds. 1969. Berichtigungsliste der griechischen Papyrusurkunden aus Aegypten . Vol. 5. Leiden.

BL VI = Boswinkel, E., P.W. Pestman, H.-A. Rupprecht, eds. 1976. Berichtigungsliste der griechischen Papyrusurkunden aus Aegypten . Vol. 6. Leiden.

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