Citing Electronic Resources

Standards have not been established for citing electronic resources. Consult these guidelines for including electronic resource materials in your footnotes and bibliographies. Remember the cardinal rule of documentation: whichever style you choose to follow, be consistent and stick with it.

Below are guides in both print form and on the web to help in citing electronic resources.

Guides in Print Form

Each of these resources include sections with guidelines and/or examples of footnotes and bibliographies for electronic materials.

Use CLIO to find specific call numbers and library locations.

• American Psychological Association. Publication Manual. 4th edition. Washington: APA, 1994. 368p. -- Copies in Psychology Ref, Lehman-Social Work Reserve, Barnard Ref, HSL Ref.



• Chicago Manual of Style. 14th edition. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Pr., 1993, 921p. See especially sections 15.424 and 16.209. -- Copies in Butler, Lehman, Journalism, Fine Arts, Business, HSL, Barnard: all on Reference



• Garner, Diane L. and Smith, Diane H. Complete Guide to Citing Government Information Sources. Revised edition. Bethesda: CIS, 1993. 222p. -- Copies in Barnard, Lehman, Document Service Center, HSL: all on Reference



• Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 5th edition. N.Y.: MLA, 1999. 332p. See especially section 4.8-4.10, B1. -- Copies in Butler, Barnard, Business, Lehman, HSL: all on Reference



• Li, Xia. Electronic Style: a Guide to Citing Electronic Information. 2nd ed. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 1996. 213p. -- Copies in Butler and Lehman: all on Reference.



• Slade, Carole. Form and Style: Research Papers, Reports, Theses. 11th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999. 297p. -- Copies in Butler Reference and Butler Reserves.



• Turabian, Kate. Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations. 6th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Pr., 1996. 308p. -- Copies in Butler, Avery, Lehman, Business, Barnard, Fine Arts: all on Reference; Butler Reserves.



• Walker, Janice R. and Taylor, Todd. Columbia Guide to Online Style. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998. 218p. --Copies in Butler, Barnard, Lehman: all on Reference; Milstein Study.

Guides on the Web

These style manuals are based on or extensions of published style manuals, e.g. Turabian, MLA, APA; but they are very useful because they concentrate on citing electronic resources.

• Bibliography Styles Handbook. (1997) Addresses APA, MLA new, MLA old style. (http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/bibliostyles.htm)



• Electronic Reference Formats Recommended by the American Psychological Association. (2001) APA style only. (http://www.apa.org/journals/webref.html)



• Lester, James D. Citing Cyberspace. (2000) Focuses on APA, MLA and Chicago styles. (http://www.awl.com/englishpages/cyber.htm)



• Page, Melvin E. A Brief Citation Guide for Internet Resources in History and the Humanities. (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/cite.html)



• Walker, Janice R. and Taylor, Todd. Columbia Guide to Online Style. (http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html)