GRADUALE     SARISBURIENSE
 

                                   PART    I

    THE SARUM  GRADUAL  AND  THE GREGORIAN  ANTIPHONALE

                                   MISSARUM



    IN  any attempt to trace, however imperfectly,  the development of the Sarum Gradual

        from the  Gregorian  Antiphonale  Missarum, obviously the first thing to be done

        is to arrive at some  sort  of estimate of  what the latter was like in its original

shape.    This  problem  divides  itself  naturally  into  two  parts — the  growth  of  the

Temporale and  the  growth  of  the  Sanctorale  and Commune  Sanctorum :  for  though

these two  constituents are closely connected, and especially  so  in  the  earliest available

authorities, their conditions of existence and  of growth differ  considerably, and they must

therefore  be dealt with separately.

     The  original Gregorian  Antiphonale  seems to have  been a  magnetic  nucleus which

soon attracted to itself additions  from outside, but it does not  seem to  have  suffered  much

from losses.

     (i)—New  festivals were added, and at times, when a powerful claimant took possession

of a day already occupied,  the old festival disappeared, as, e.g., SS. Juvenal etc. did  before

The Invention of the Cross  {see pp.  xxiii, xxviii) : but even so  it survived in a shrunken

form as a Memorial :  and at  other times it was able to make better terms for itself, and

either coalesce with the  new  claimant  (as, e.g.,  St. Basilides did with SS. Cyrinus etc.),

or even exist side  by side  with it  (as,  e.g., St. Sabina  did with  the  Beheading of St. John

Baptist).   Even Masses  that became  entirely  disused—as  did  the second  Masses  of

St. John  Baptist and  St. Lawrence,  or the morning Mass of St. John  Evan.—were not

lost, but perpetuated in the Commune.

     (ii)—So, too, with regard to  the separate elements  of each  Mass :  there  was some

growth, for the Alleluia  perhaps  acquired a Verse and then  went  on to  develop the