HYPSUS.
 

HYSTASPES.
 

ihe bare  twin sons  to  Jason, Euneus and Ne-

brophonus, also called Deiphiius or Thoas.  The

Lemnian women subsequently  discovered that

Thoas  was alive, whereupon  they  compelled

Hypsipyle to  quit the island.  On her flight she

was taken prisoner  by pirates and  sold to the

Nemean king  Lyeurgus,  who mtrusted  to  her

eare his  son   Archemorus  or Opheltes.   Vid.

Arohemorus.

  Htpsus ("Ytpovg-ovvrog),  a town in Arcadia,

on a mountain of the same name.

  Hyroania  ("YpKavia :  'YpKuwog,  Hyrcanus:

now Mazanderan),  a province  of the  ancient

Persian empire, on the  southern and southeast

era  shores of the Caspian  or Hyrcanian  Sea,

and separated by  mountains on  the west, south,

aud  east from Media,  Parthia, and Margiana.

Its valleys  were very fertile; and it flourished

most under the Parthians, whose kings often

resided in it during the summer,

   Hyroanum  or  -ium  Mare.    Vid.  Oaspium

Mare.

   Hyrcanus  ("Ypmvbg).    1. Joannes,  prince

and Mgh priest of the  Jews,  was the son and

successor of  Simon  Maceabaeus,  the restorer

of the independence of Judaea.   He succeeded

to Ms father's  power B.O. 135.   He  was  at first

engaged in war with  Antiochus  VII. Sidetes,

who invaded Judaea, and laid siege to Jerusa¬

lem.  In 133  he concluded  a peace with Antio¬

chus on the condition of paying an annual trib¬

ute.   Owing to the civil wars in Syria between

the several claimants to the throne,  the  power

of Hyrcanus  steadly increased; and at  length

he took Samaria, and razed it to  the ground

(109), notwithstanding  the  army which  Antio¬

chus IX. Cyzioenus had  sent to the assistance

of the city.  Hyrcanus  died in 106.  Although

he did not assume the title of king, he may be

regarded as the founder of the monarchy of Ju¬

daea, wMch continued in his family till  the ac

cession of Herod.—2. High priest and king of

the Jews, was the eldest son of  Alexander Jan-

naaus and his wife  Alexandra.   On the death

of Alexander (78) the royal authority devolved

upon Alexandra,  who  appointed Hyrcanus to

the  high-priesthood. Alexandra  reigned  nine

years; and, upon her  death in 69, Hyrcanus

succeeded to  the sovereignty, but was qmckly

attacked by  his younger  brother Aristobulus,

who possessed more energy and ambition than

Hyrcanus.  In the following year (68) Hyrcanus

was driven from the throne, and took  refuge

with  Aretas,  king  of  Arabia  Petraaa.   That

monarch assembled an army, with which he in¬

vaded Judaea in order to restore Hyrcanus.   He

defeated Aristobulus, and blockaded him in the

temple of  Jerusalem.   Aristobulus, however,

gained over by bribes  and  promises Pompey's

lieutenant, M.  Seaurus,  who had arrived at Da¬

mascus, and who now ordered Aretas and Hyr¬

canus to withdraw from Judaea  (64). The next

year Pompey  himself arrived in  Syria : he re¬

versed the decision  of Seaurus,  carried away

Aristobulus as a prisoner  to Rome, and  rein¬

stated Hyrcanus in the high-priesthood,  with

 the authority, though not the name of royalty.

 Hyrcanus,  however,  did  not  long enjoy his

newly-recovered  sovereignty  in quiet.   Alex¬

 ander, the son of  Aristobulus, and subsequently
 

Aristobulus hire self, escaped from  Rome,  and

excited  dangeroua  revolta,  which  were  only

quelled by the asaistance of the Romans.  The

real government was now in the able hands of

Antipater, the father of  Herod, who  rendered

such important services  to  Caesar  during  the

Alexandt-ean war (47) that Caasar made Mm

procurator  of Judaea, leaving to Hyreiinus the

title  of high priest.   Although  Antipater was

poisoned  by the contrivance of Hyrcanus (43),

the latter was a man of such feeble  character

that he allowed Herod to take vengeance on the

murderer of his father, and to succeed to Ms fa¬

ther's power and  influence.  The Parthians on

their invasion of Syria,  carried  away Hyrcanus

as prisoner (40).  He was treated  with  much

liberality by the Parthian king, and allowed to

live  in perfect  freedom at Babylon.  Here he

remained for some years ; but having at length

received  an invitation from Heiod,  who had

meanwhile established himself on the throne ot

Judaea, he returned  to Jerusalem with the con¬

sent of the Parthian king.  He was treated with

respect  by  Herod  till  the  battle  of Aetium,

when Herod, fearing lest Augustus might place

Hyrcanus on the throne,  accused him of a trea¬

sonable correspondence with  the king of Arabia,

and on this pretext put Mm to death (30).

   [Hyrgis ("Ypytg :  now Bonetz), a tributary of

the Taoais in Asia.]

   Hyria ("Ypla : 'Tpievg, 'Ypidrng).   1. A town

in Bceotia, near Tanagra, was  in  the earliest

times a place of importance, but afterward sunk

into insignificance.—2. A town in Apulia.   Vid

Uria.

   Hyrieus ('Ypievg), son of Neptune (Poseidon)

and Alcyone, king of Hyria in Bceotia, husband

of Clonia,  and  father of Nyeteua, Lycua,  and

Orion. Respecting his treasures, vid. Agamedes

   Hyrmina ("Xppivn), a town in Elis, mention

od by Homer, but of which all trace had disap

peared in the time of Strabo.  Near it was the

promontory Hyrmina or  Hormina  (now Capt

Chiarenza).

   Hyrmine ('Yppivn),  daughter of Neleus, oi

Nycteus,  wife of Phorbas, and mother of Actor

   Hyrtacus ("YpraKog),  a Trojan, to whom Pri¬

am gave  his first wife Arisba, when he married

Hecuba.   Homer makes him the father of Asius,

hence called Hyrtacides.   In Virgil, Nisus  and

Hippocoon are also  represented as sons of Hyr

tacus.

   [Hyrtius ("Yprtoc), a leader  of the Mysians,

slain in the Trojan  war by  Ajax, son of Tela-

mon.]

   HYsr^E ('Yoiai).   1. ('Yaidrng), a town in Ar¬

golis,  south of Argos, destroyed  by the Spartana

in the Peloponnesian war.—2. ("Taievg), a town

in Boaotia, east of Plataaae, called by Herodotus

(v, 74) a demus of Attica, but probably belong

ing to Plataaae.

   Hystaspes ('TardoTrng;  in Persian, Goshtasp,

Gustasp,  Histasp, or  Wistasp).  1. Son of  Ar-

sames, and father of Darius I,  was a member

of the Persian royal house of the Achaamenr'dss,

He was probably satrap of Persis under Cam¬

byses, and  probably under Cyrus also.—2 Son

of Darius I. and Atossa, commanded the Ba*

trians and Sacaa  in the  army of  his brolb-*'

Xerxes.
 

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