Smith, William, A new classical dictionary of Greek and Roman biography mythology and geography

(New York :  Harper & Brothers,  1884.)

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ITIUS  PORTUS.
 

JAN A.
 

)>!* at" Jupiter (Zeus), who was hence surnamed

Ithimetas  ('lBopijrng, Dor. 'IBopdrag).  Ithome

was taken by the Spartans B. 0. 723, at the end

of the first Messeman war, after a heroic defence

by Aristodemus, and again in 455, at the end of

the tMrd Messenian war.—2.  A mountain fortress

in Pelasgiotis, m Thessaly, near Metropolis, also

ealled Thome.

  Itius  Portus, a harbor of  the Moriiii, on the

northern coast of Gaul,  from which  Caasar set

sail fw  Britain.  The position of this harbor is

much disputed.  It  used to  be  identified with

Gesoriaeum or Boulogne, but it is now usually

supposed to be some harbor near Calais, probably

Vissant or  Witsand.

  Iton.   Vid Itonia.

  Itonia, Itonias, or Itonis (Iravia, 'lravidg,

or 'Irovig), a surname of Minerva (Athena), de-

lived from the town of  Iton, in the south of

PhtMotis in Thessaly.  The goddess there had

a celebrated  sanctuary and festivals,  and  hence

is called Incola Itoni.  From  Iton her worsMp

spread into Boaotia and  the country about Lake

Copais, where the Pamboaotia  was celebrated, m

the neighborhood of a temple  and grove of Min¬

erva (Athena).  According to another tradition,

Minerva, (Athena) received the surname of Itoma

from Itonus,  a kmg or priest.

   Itucoi (IrvKicn, App.)  a  town in Hispania

Baetica,  in the district of Hispalis, and a Roman

colony, under the name of Virtus Julia.

  ItCna (now Sohoay Frith), an aastuary on the

western  coast of Britain, between England and

.Scotland.

   Itur^ea, Ityrasa ('Irovpa'ia: 'Irovpaloi, Ituraei,

Ityraei:  now  El Jeidur), a district on  the north¬

eastern  borders of  Palestine,  bounded on  the

north by the plain of Damascus, on the west by

(he mountain chain (now Jebel-Heish) which forms

the eastern margin of the valley of the Jordan,

on the  southwest and south  by Gaulanitis, and

on the  east  by Auranitis and Trachonitis.  It

occupied a part of the elevated plain into  wMch

Mount  Hermon  sinks down  on the southeast,

and was inhabited by an  Arabian people, of war¬

like and predatory habits, which they exercised

upon  the caravans  from Arabia to  Damascus,

whose great  road lay through their country.  In

the wars between the Syrians and the Israelites,

they are found acting as  allies of the kings  of

Damascus.  They are scarcely heard of again

till B.O. 105,  when they were conquered by the

Asmonaaan   king  of Judah,  Aristobulus, who

compelled  them  to  profess  Judaism.  Restored

to  independence  by  the  decline of  the Asmo¬

naaan house,  they  seized the  opportunity  offer¬

ed, on  the  other  side, by the weakness  of the

Mugs of Syria, to press  their predatory incur¬

sions into  Ccele-Syria, and even  beyond  Leba¬

non, to Byblos, Botrys,  and other cities on the

coast of Phoaniee.   Pompey reduced them again

to  order, and many of  their warriors entered

.he Roman army, in wMch  they became cele¬

brated  for their sMll in horsemanship and  arch¬

ery.  They were not, however, reduced to com-

olete subjection  to  Rome until  after the eivil

 vars    Augustus gave Ituraea, which had been

  itherto ruled by its native  princes, to the fam-

 ly c*   Herod.  During the ministry of  our Sa¬

viour,  !t was  governed  by  Philip,  the brother

af  Herod Antipas, at tetrareh.   Upon Philip's
 

death jn AD. 37, it  was united to  the Rornam

province of Syria, from which it was presently

agam separated, and assigned partly to Herod

Agrippa I, and partly to Soaemus, the prince of

Emesa.   In A.D. 50 it was finally reumted by

Claudius to the Roman provmce of Syria, ana

there are  inscriptions  wMch  prove that  th«

Ituraeans  continued to  serve with distinction

in the Roman armies.  There were no cities or

large towns in the country, a  fact easily explain¬

ed by the unsettled character of  the people, who

lived in the Arab  fasMon,  m unwalled  village?

and  tents,  and even, according to some  state¬

ments,  in  the  natural  caves with  which  the

eountry abounds.

  [Itylus  ("lrvXog), son  of  Zethus and Aedoa

Vid. Aedon.]

  [Itymoneus ('Irvuovevg),  son  of Hyperochus

of Elis, slain by Nestor.]

  Itys.   1.  Vid. Tereus.—[2. A Trojan hero,

accompamed .iEneas to Italy, and was slain by

Turnus.]

  ItJLis ('lovXig:  'lovXifirng,  'lovXievg), the chief

town in Ceos ;  the  birth-place  of Simonides,

 Vid. Ceos.

  Iulus.   1. Son of jEneas,  usually called  As¬

canius.   Vid. Ascanius.—2.  Eldest  son of  As¬

canius, who claimed the government of Latium,

but was obliged to give it up to Ms brother  Sil¬

vius.

  Ixion ('Iljiav),  son  of PMegyas, or of Antion

and  Perimela,  or of Pasion, or  of Mars (Area).

According  to the common tradiion,  Ms mother

was  Dia, a daughter of Deioneus.  He was Mng

of the  Lapithae  or Phlegyes, and the father OI

Pirithous.  When Deioneus demanded of Ixion

the  bridal  gifts he had promised, Ixion treach¬

erously invited him to a banquet, and then con

trived to make him fall into a pit filled with fire

As no  one purified  Ixion  of this  treacherous

murder, Jupiter (Zeus) took pity upon Mm, puri

fied  him,  carried Mm  to  heaven, and  caused

him   to  sit down at his table.   But Ixion was

ungrateful to the  father of the  gods,  and at¬

tempted to  win the love of" Juno (Hera).  Ju

piter (Zeus) thereupon  created  a phantom re¬

sembling Juno (Hera), and by it  Ixion  became

the  father of a  Centaur.   Vid. Centacri.  Ix

ion  was fearfully punished  for his  impious in¬

gratitude.   His hands  and  feet  were  chained

by Mercury  (Hermes) to a wheel, which is said

to have rolled  perpetually in the air or in  the

lower world.  He is  further  said to have been

scourged, and compelled to exclaim, " Benefactors.

should be honored."

   IxroNiDES, i. e, Pirithous, the son of Ixion.  Tho

Centaurs are also called Ixionidc.

   Ixrus ("lijtog),  a surname  of Apollo, derived

from a  district of the island of Rhodes wMch was

called Ixiaa or Ixia.

   Iynx ("Ivytj), daughter of Peitho and Pan, or

of Echo.    She  endeavored  to  charm  Jupiter

(Zeus,)  or make Mm fall in love with Io; but she

was metamorphosed by Juno (Hera) into the bird

called lynx.



                      J.



   Jaooetani, a people in Hispania  Tarraconen

sis, between the Pyrenees and the Iberus.

I   Jana.   Vid. Janus.

                             105
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