LEO.



 consulship.   Yet the majority of those expelled

 were acquitted by the courts, and restored; and

 Lentulus supported  the Manilian law, appoint¬

 ing Pompey  to  the  command against  Mithra¬

 dates.  As an orator he concealed Ms want of

 talent by great skill and art, and by a good voice.

 —13. L, sui named Crus, appeared in 61 as the

 t'Mef  accuser  of  P. Clodius  for  violating the

 mysteries of the Bona Dea.   In 58 he was praa¬

 tor, and in  49 consul with  G Marcellus.  He

 was raised to  the  consulship  in consequence of

 his bemg a known  enemy of Caasar.  He did all

 he could to  excite his wavering party  to take

 arms  and meet  Caesar; he called Cicero cow¬

 ardly ; blamed Mm  for seeMng a triumph at

such a  time ; urged war  at  any price, in the

hope,  says  Caesar  (B.C, i, 4), of retrieving  Ms

ruined fortunes,  and becoming another Sulla.

It was mainly  at  Lentulus's  mstigation  that

the violent measures passed the  senate  early

in the year, wMch  gave the tribunes a pretence

for flymg to  Caesar at Ravenna.   He  himself

fled from the city at the approach of Caesar,

and afterward crossed over to  Greece.  After

the battle of  Pharsalia he  fled to Egypt, and

arrived there  the  day after  Pompey's murder.

On landing he was  apprehended by young Ptole¬

my's mmisters, and put to  death in prison.—14.

L, surnamed  Niger, flamen of  Mars.  In 57 he

 was one of the  priests  to whom  was referred

 the question whether the site of Cicero's house

 was  consecrated ground.  In 56 he was one of

 the judges in the case of P. Sextius, and  he died

 In the same year, much praised by Cicero.—15.

 L, son  of the last,  and also flamen of Mars.

 He defended  M. Seaurus  in  64, when  accused

 of extortion   he  accused Gabinius  of high trea¬

 son about the  same time, but was  suspected of

 collusion.  In the Philippics he is mentioned as

 a  friend of  Antony's.—16.  Cossus, surnamed

 G-etulicus, consul  B.O. 1,  was  sent mto Africa

in A D. 6, where he defeated the Gaetuli; hence

Ms surname.   On the accession of Tiberius, A.

 D. 14,  he accompanied Drusus, who was  sent

 to quell the mutiny of the legions  in Pannonia.

 He died  25, at a very great  age, leaving behind

 him   an honorable   reputation.—17. Cn,  sur¬

 named G-etulious, son  of the last, consul A.

 D. 26.   He afterward had the command of the

 legions of Upper  Germany for ten years, and

 was very popular among the troops.   In 39 he

 was put to death by order  of Caligula, who fear¬

 ed Ms mfluence  with the soldiers.  He was an

 Mstorian and  a  poet; but we  have only three

 lines of his poems extant, unless he is the author

 of nine epigrams  in  the  Greek Anthology, m-

 scribed with the name of Gaetulicus.

   Leo or Leon (Aeav).  1. Also ealled Leonides

 (Asuivibng), of Heraelea on the Pontus,  disciple

 of Plato, was one of  the conspirators who, with

 their  leader Chion, assassmated Clearchus, ty¬

 rant of Heraelea. B.O. 858.—2.  Of Byzantium,

 arhetoiician and historical writer  of the age of

 Philip and Alexander the Great.—3. Diaeonus

 or the Deacon, Byzantine Mstorian of the tenth

 century.   His history, in ten  books,  includes

 the  period from the Cretan expedition of Ni-

 cephorus Phocas,  m the reign of the Emperor

 Romanus II, A.D. 959, to  the death of Joannes

 I Zimisces, 975.   The style of Leo  is vicious:

 he employs  unusual and  inappropriate words

             430
 

               LEOCHARES.



(many of them borrowed from Homer, Agathias

the historian,  and the Septuagint), in the place

of simple and common ones; and he abounds in

tautological phrases.   His Mstory, however, is

a  valuable  conterejaorary  record  of  a  stirring

time,  honestly and fearlessly written.  Edited

for the first time by Hase, Paris, 1818.—4. Gram

maticus,  one of the  continuators  of  Byzantine

Mstory from the period when Theophanes leaves

off.  His work, entitled Chrcnographia, extends

from  the  accession of  Leo  V. the Armemai,

813, to the death of  Romanus Lecapenus, 944.

Edited with  Theophanes by Combefis, Paris,

1655; [reprinted in the collection of the Byzan¬

tine Historians with an emended text by Bek¬

ker, Bonn,  1842.]—5.  Archbishop  of  Thessa-

lonica, an eminent Byzantme philosopher and

ecclesiastic of the ninth century.  His works

are lost, but he is frequently mentioned in terms

of the Mghest praise  by the Byzantine  writers,

especially for his  knowledge of geometry and

astronomy.—6. Magentenus, a commentator on

Aristotle,  flourished during the first half of the

fourteenth century. He was a monk, and after¬

ward  archbishop of  Mytilene.   Several of Ms

commentaries  on Aristotle are extant,  and have

been  published.—7. Leo was also the name of

six Byzantme emperors.  Of these, Leo VI, sur¬

named the philosopher,  who reigned 886-911,

is  celebrated in the history  of  the later Greek

literature.  He wrote  a  treatise on Greek tac¬

tics,  seventeen  oracles, thirty-three  orations,

and several other works, wMch are still extant

He is also celebrated in the Mstory of legisla¬

tion.  As the Latin language had  long ceased

to be the official language of the Eastern em¬

pire, Basil, the father of Leo, had formed and

partly executed the plan of issuing an authc rized

Greek version of  Justiman's legislation.   TMs

plan was carried out  by Leo.  The Greek ver¬

sion is known under the title of BaaiXmal Aia-

rdl-eig, or, shortly, BaaiXimi,- in Latin Basili

ca, which means  " Imperial Constitutions" or

"Laws."   It is divided  into sixty books,  sub¬

divided into titles, and  contains the Institutes,

the Digest, the  Codex,  and the Novellaa; and

Hkewise such  constitutions as were issued by

the successors  of  Justinian  down to Leo VL

There are, however, many  laws  of the Digest

omitted in the  Basilica, whieh contain,  on the

other  hand, a  considerable number of  laws or

extracts from ancient jurists which are not in

the Digest.   The publication of  this authorized

body  of law in the Greek language led to the

gradual disuse  of the original compilations of

Justinian in the East.   But the Roman law was

thus more firmly established m Eastern  Europe

and Western Asia, where it has maintained it¬

self among the Greek population to the  present

day.  The best  edition  of the Basilica is the

one now publishmg  by Heimbach, Lips, 1833,

seq.

  Leobotes.   Vid. Labotas.

  [Leooedes  (AeaKrj&ijg)  son of Phidon.   Vid

Phidon.]

  [Leochares (Aeaxdpng), an Athenian statuary

and sculptor, was one of the great  artists of the

later  Athenian  school,  at  the  head  of which

were Seopas  and Praxiteles.   He flourished R.

C. 352-338.   The master-piece of Leochares

seems to have been bis  statae of the rape of