ZALMOXIS.
 

ZENO.
 

 tion, however, on a sudden emergency in time

 o'f war, Zaleucus transgressed his own law,

 which  was remarked to him  by one present;

 whereupon he fell upon his own sword, declar¬

 ing that he wou d himself vindicate the law.

 Other authors tell the  same  story of Charon¬

 das, or of Diodes.     •

  Zalhoxis or Zamolxis (ZhXpoi-ig, ZupoXi-ig),

 said to have been so called from the bear's skin

 (ZdXpog) in which he was clothed as soon as he

 was born.   He was, according to the story cur¬

 rent among the Greeks on the Hellespont, a

Getan, who had been a slave  to Pythagoras in

Samos, but was manumitted, and acquired not

only great wealth, but large stores of knowledge

from Pythagoras, and from the  Egyptians, whom

he visited in the course of his travels. He re¬

turned among the Getae, introducing the civili¬

zation  and the religious  ideas which he had

 gained, especially regarding the immortality of

 the soul.  He was said to have lived in a sub¬

 terraneous  cave for three years, and after that

 to have again made his appearance among the

 Getae.  Herodotus inclines to  place the age of

 Zalmoxis a long time before  Pythagoras, and

expresses a doubt  not only about the story it¬

self, but as to whether Zalmoxis were a man,

or an  indigenous Getan deity.  The latter ap¬

pears  to have been the real state of the case.

The Getae  believed that the departed went to

him.

  Zama Regia (Zdpa: Zamensis :  now Zowa-

 reen, southeast of Kaff), a strongly-fortified city

 in the interior of Numidia, on the borders of the

 Carthaginian  territory.   It was the ordinary

residence of King Juba, who had here his treas¬

 ury and his harem.  It was the scene of one of

the most important battles in  the history ofthe

world, that  in which Hannibal was defeated by

 Scipio  and the second Punic  war was ended,

 B.C. 202.   Strabo tells us that it was destroyed

 by the Romans;  but  if so, it  must have  been

 restored,' for we find it mentioned under the em¬

 pire as a colony and a bishop's see.  Pliny and

 Vitruvius  speak of a fountain in its neighbor¬

 hood.   There were unimportant places of the

 same name in Cappadocia and Mesopotamia.

  Zancle.   Vid. Messana.

  Zapaoetene, a  city in the southeast of Par¬

 thia, m the mountains of the Zapaorteni.

  Zaradrus  (now Sutlej), a river of Northern

 India, now the southern boundary ofthe Punjab.

 It rises from  two principal sources beyond the

 Himalaya,  and falls  into the Hyphasis  (now

 Gharra).

  ZARANGiE or -I, or SARANGiB (Zapdyyoi, Za-

 puyyai), a people in the north of Drangiana, on

 the confines  of Aria.  The close  resemblance

 of their name to  the  generic name  of all the

 people of Drangiana, that is, Drangae, suggests

 a doubt whether they ought  to be specifically

 distinguished from them.

 . Zarax or Zarex (Zdpaf, Zdpni;).   1. The cen¬

 tral part of the chain  of  mountains, extending

 along the eastern coast of Laconia from Mount

 Parnon, on the frontiers of Argolis, down to the

 promontory Malea.—2. (Now Jeraka), a town on

 the eastern coast of Laconia,  at the foot of f»e

 mountain of the same name.

   Zariaspe.  Vid. Bactea.

   Zariaspis  an  ?arliei,  probacy  the  native

         250
 

name for the river on which Bactra Mood, an<

which is usually called Bactrus.  Vid. Bactra

The people on its banks were called Zariaspas

 : Zela or Ziela (ra ZrjXa : now Zilleh), a city

in the south of Pontus, not far south of Amasia,

and  four days'  journey east of Tavium.  If

stood on an artificial hill, and was strongly for¬

tified.  Near it was an aneient and famous tens

pie of Anaitis and other Persian deities, in whic'-j

great religious festivals were held. The sur¬

rounding district was called Zeletis or Zelltis.

At  Zela the Roman general Valerius Triarius

was defeated by Mithradates ; bul the  city is

more celebrated for another great battls, that in

which Julius Caesar defeated Pharnaces, and of

which he wrote this dispatch  to Rome:  Veni :

Vidi : Vici.

  [Zelaechus (Zr/Xapxog), an inspector  of the

market (dyopavopog)  among the Greek mercena¬

ries of Cyrus, attacked by the soldiers for some

real or imaginary misconduct in his official duty

while they  were at Trapezus ; avoided  the at.

tack, and escaped from Trapezus by sea ]

  Zelasium, a Thessalian  town in the district

Phthiotis, of uncertain site.

  Zelia (ZeXeia), an ancient city of Mysia, at

the  foot of Mount Ida, and on the  River iEse-

pus, eighty  stadia from its  mouth, belonging to

the  territory of Cyzicus.  At the time of Alex¬

ander's  invasion the head-quarters of the Per¬

sian army were fixed here.

  Zelus (ZyXog), the personification of zeal oi

strife, is described as a son of Pallas and Styx,

and a brother of Nice.

  Zeno, Zenon (Zbvuv).  1. The founder of the

Stoic philosophy, was a native of Citium  in Cy

prus, and the son of Mnaseas.  He began at an

early age to study philosophy through the writ¬

ings of the Socratic philosophers, which  his fa¬

ther was accustomed to bring back from Athens

when he went thither on trading voyages.  At

the age of  twenty-two, or, according to  others,

of thirty years,  Zeno was shipwrecked  in the

neighborhood of Piraeus ; whereupon he was led

to settle in Athens, and to devote himself en

tirely to the study of philosophy.  According to

some writers, he lost all his property in the ship¬

wreck ; according to others, he still retained a

large fortune ; but, whichever of these accounts

is correct, his moderation  and contentment be

came proverbial, and a recognition of his virtues

shines through even the ridicule  of the comic

poets.  The weakness of  his health is  said to

have first determined him to live rigorously and

simply; but his desire  to make himself inde¬

pendent of all external circumstances seems to

have been an additional motive, and to have led

him to attach himself to the cynic Crates.  In

opposition  to the advice of Crates, he  studied

under Stilpo of the Megaric school; and he sult-

sequently  received instruction from the two

other contemporary Megarics, Diodorus Cronus

and Philo, and from the  Academics Xenocrates

and Polemo.  The period  which Zeno thus de¬

voted to  study is  said to have   extended to

twenty  years.  At  its close, and  after he had

developed his peculiar philosophical system, he

opened his  school in the porch adorned with the

paintings of Polygnotus (Stoa Poscile), which, at

an earlier time, had  been a place in which poets

met  From this place his disciples were calks*