SECOND PERIOD OF DUTCH SURVEYING                     113

Fort Amsterdam is designated on the North River Map, and is distinctly shown
■with four bastions. The shape of the island is still primitive, and foHows the triangular
form, common in the earliest maps, but it already shows signs of accommodating
itself to its surroundings.

Along the shores of New York Bay, we find, as has already been noted, the names
of the first Patroons: "Godyn's Punt" (for Sandy Hook, which is here separated from
the mainland), ['"!:] "Blommaert's Punt" (for the south-western extremity of Long
Island), and "Coenraedes baye" (Albert Coenraedts Burgh), given as an alternative
name for "Sandt bay."['5] The Narrows are named "Hamels Hoofden," after
Hendrick Hamel, a Patroon, and at this time one of the Directors of the West India
Company. ['^] This name, recorded as early as 1626,['7] has been found on no other
map.

The map of New Netherland adds to these names that of "Rensselaershoeck,"
for the mainland just south of Sandy Hook; and we know from the Van Rensselaer
Bowier Manuscripts (pp. 164-5) that Van Rensselaer had an interest in Godijns Patent,
which included this point. This, so far as is known, is the first occurrence of this
name (Rensselaer) on a map, anywhere in the neighbourhood ['^] of Manhattan
Island; and this fact, combined with the absence of any indication of Rensselaers¬
wijck near Fort Orange, helps us to fix the date of these maps at about 1630, when
the patroonship was founded. The clear portrayal, on the banks of the North River,
of Fort Orange, Castle Island, and the two Mohawk villages, and the continuous
soundings show that the author of the "Noort Rivier" map had a personal know¬
ledge of the region, and could not, therefore, have omitted Rensselaer's Colony, if it
already existed. Furthermore, in 1630, Rensselaersburg and Laetsburg were in
existence, ['9] and these are not found on the map. The name of "Hoogcamer
Eylandt," given on the map of New Netherland as a second name for Nooten Eylandt,
recalls J. Pz. Hoogcamer, a Director of the West India Company before 1636.[^°]

This map of the North River is especially interesting because of its continuous
notation of soundings. Professor Max Eckert, of Aix-la-Chapelle, who is making
a special study of river-maps which indicate the varying depths, writes me that he
knows of no map giving a continuous set of soundings earUer than that of the Dutch
river Merwede, by Cruquius, dating from the commencement of the eighteenth
century. Hence, this map of the North River may be the first map of this kind, and
the Hudson the first river to which this method was applied.

The third map is rightly called the "Buchelius Chart" (C. PI. 38), as it was
drawn personally by the well-known historian, antiquary, and genealogist, Arnoldus
Buchelius, who was born at Utrecht in 1565, and died there in 1641.   The map is found

[^4] The end of the point has often been temporarily separated from the mainland, a condition which has existed
several times during the last thirty years.

[■5] The map has "Landt" Bay, apparently a mistake of the copyist.

[16] O'Callaghan, History of New Netherland, Vol. I, p. 159; Joannes de Laet, Historic ofte Jaerlijck Verhael van
de Verrichtingen der Geoctr. West-Indische Compagnie. Leyden, 1644, Introduction, where it is stated that
Hamel had been Director from 1621 to 1636. He was Patroon in 1630. In 1634, he is mentioned together with
Pauw and Blommaert.    De Vries, 147; Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., p. 270; N. Y. Col. Docs., Vol. I, p. 88.

['7] Letter of Isaack de Rasieres.    See Jameson, Nar. N. Neth., p. 102.

[^8] It is found also in a log-book, dated 1637 {Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., p. 382).

[^9] Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., p. 57.

1'°] O'Callaghan, Vol. I, p. 411 (after De Laet).