178             THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND

Gerritsz's map, and what he adds is mostly taken from the map of North America
which appeared in the 1638 edition of the Janssonian Atlas. This map by Vingboons
appeared also in print as a "Caarte van Westindien, soo vaste landen als eylanden,"
etc. (Map of the West Indies, mainlands as well as islands), and was published in
Amsterdam by G. Valck and P. Schenck, who flourished about 1690-1700. This
printed edition, which may be a second state with the address of Valck and Schenck
added, resembles the manuscript closely, but is much augmented. It has the super¬
scription: "Joan Vine: Boons facit et excud"; from which it appears that Vingboons
not only drew but also engraved the map himself. We know Vingboons also as the
engraver of a map of "Schieland in i650,"['] and of a work on the architecture of
the city of Amsterdam, described and published by his brother Phihp, in i648;[2]
and, finally, there exists, among the drawings at The Hague, a fine water-colour view
of Batavia, which has the inscription:  "loan Vinckeboons inv." [3]

From the above facts, it is evident that, except for the viezv just mentioned, Ving¬
boons's authorship can be proved only in connection with one drawing of the entire
collection, and even in this case only as a copyist of Hessel Gerritsz, or of a map de¬
rived from his, perhaps from an unknown engraved edition; and there is absolutely
no justification for naming him as the surveyor of the maps of Manhattan Island,
although it is possible that, as a draughtsman, he made copies of them in Holland.

This apparently erroneous, or at least entirely unproved, assumption of Vingboons's
authorship, which appeared first in the Posthumus Catalogue, has been somewhat ex¬
tensively copied in recent literature. Henry Harrisse himself falls into this error, and,
curiously enough, mentions only once, and then casually, the map of the West Indies,
which is really by Vingboons. [4] In the text of G. Marcel's Reproductions de cartes
y de globes relatifs a la decouverte de l'Amerique,[S] the Manatus Map is ascribed to
Vingboons, and is described as follows (translated):

The most ancient plan of New York which is known does not date from an earlier
period than 1640 [1639]. It belongs to Mr. H. Harrisse, who obligingly lent it to the
Artierican Exhibition organised in 1892 at the BibHotheque Nationale, in the catalogue
of which it figures under No. 277. This manuscript plan, which was bought by the
author of the Bibliotheca americana vetustissima from the librarian Muller of Amster¬
dam, was drawn by Joan Vingboons for the Dutch West India Company. It is
undoubtedly one of the most precious pieces which we possess on the history of the
United States, and up to the present time it has been completely unknown. It has
for title: Manatus gelegen op de noot rivier, and measures .68 x .45 m. It shows the.
entrance to the Hudson, which is called the noort rivier, the isle of the States, the isle of
Manhattan, at the southern extremity of which rises fort Amsterdam with two wind¬
mills, a little island with a third mill—the one which today bears Fort Columbus—and
another island—the one on which has been erected Bartholdi's statue.    On a branch of

[^] Het hooge Heemraed schap van Schielandt . . . in Coper gesneden en Geteeckent door J. Vingboons . . .
Tot Rotterdam, Gedruckt by Abraham van hoorn . . . [1684]. A copy in the Konigliche offentl. Bibliothek
of Dresden, Germany, press mark:  Hist. Belg. A 134 m".

{-] De voornaamste Gebouwen van Amsterdara, 1648.

[3] Frederik Muller & Company's catalogue Geographie-Foyages Cartographic, 1911, under item 4014, describes
a View of Batavia, 42 by 94'^ centimetres, engraved by Julius Miilh. This view, which is signed "I. Vincke¬
boons," formed part of a collection of maps, views, etc., belonging to the house of Van Keulen, and is probably an
engraved copy of this water-colour.

[4] Discovery of North America, p. 612.

[s] Paris, 1894, p. 25.