CHRONOLOGY : THE DUTCH PERIOD : 1626-1664
 

163
 

Netherland Beer" is regulated by ordinance.—Ibid., 203-4; Cal.
.   Hist. MSS., Dutch, 156,

Jews petition regarding thdr rights,—See March 14, 1656,

Israd Bensen Vaick is commissioned as provost marshal and
takes his oath ot office.—Ca/, Hist. MSS., Dulch, 156,

Warnaer Wessds, at public outcry, again becomes the farmer
ot the tapsters' excise on wine and beer consumed in New Amster¬
dam, tor one year from date, at 5,030 guilders, payable in quarterly
instalments. The exdse rates are fixed upon by the provincial
coaDcil.—RecordsN.Nelh. (O'Callaghan's trans,), IH: 138 (N, Y.
StateLIbrary);  Cal. Hist. MSS., Dulch, 156.

The court ot burgomasters and schepens is adjourned, "accord¬
ing to the custom of our Fatherland," until eight days after Christ¬
mas, for ordinary court days.—Rec.N. Am., I:  419.

The council appoints Stoffel MIchielsen (or Migbldsen) town
crier, or bellman.-Ca/, Hist. MSS., Dulch, 157,

The experience derived from past occurrences shows that
celebrations on New Years' and May Days have led to much
drunkenness and other Insolences, an unnecessary waste of powder,
and deplorable accidents. Sec Dec 30, 165S. An ordinance is
now passed, on the eve of the new year, by Stuyvesant and the
councU, in which they forbid the firing of guns, planting of May¬
poles, beating of dmms, and treating with intoxicants on New
Years' or May Days anywhere in New Netherland, under a system
of penalties for infractions of the law. The edict is at once pub¬
hshed and affixed, on the same day, at the city hall of New Amster¬
dam, with the usual formalities.—Laws & Ord. N. Neth.,lo$-(i;
Rec.N. Am., I:   18-13, 4'9-2i.
 

1656
 

At some time prior to this year, OloEt Stevensen van Corllandl's
brewery was erected, as indicated by a reference in Rec. N. Am.,
11: 234, It covered the site of Nos, 11-13 Stone St.—See CasteUo
Plan, II: 251-52; Landmark Map Ret. Key, III: 963.

Prior to this year, a horse-miU was erected tor Jacob Wolphert¬
sen van Couwenhoven In the rear ot what is now 41 Stone St,
It was demolished in 1660.—See Landmark Map Ref, Key, III:
961.   See aiso Dec, 20, 1656,

Aboul this year, Hans Dreper opened a tavern at the present
Intersection ot Pearl, Bridge, and Broad Sts,, where the Bush
Terminal building now stands. It was discontinued in 1667.—See
CasteUo Plan, II:  269;  and Landmark Map Ret. Key, IH:  978.

In this year, Charies II, while in exile, was invited to join the
colony ot Virginia, and be its king. This incident suggested the
title of "The Old Dominion,"

From this year to 1659 England was at war with Spain, caused
by Enghsh aggression on the sea.   See Oct. 26, 1655.

In this year, Domine Johannes Megapolensis erected a house
upon his grant (Liber Deeds, A: 17), the site bdng that of the
present Nos, 9 and 11 Broadway, Balthazar Bayard acquired the
house in 1674.—Orlg. Book ofN. Y. Deeds, 1673-1675, In N. Y.
Hist. Soc. Collections (1913), 32-33. Augustus Jay subsequently
erected a substantial mansion upon the same ground; and here,
also, for many years, the Atlantic Garden stood, one of the famous
taverns and places of resort in the early nineteenth century.—See
June 2, 1730; PI, 56, and Landmark Map Rd, Key, HI: 950-51,
976; and Pl, 174, VoL HI. Valentine is in error in stating (Man.
Com. Coun., 1854, pp, 442-45; Ibid., 1S58, opp, p, 558; and ibid.,
1865, pp, 513-14) that the Kings Arms Tavern, or "Burns' Coffee
House," stood on this site.—See "Atlantic Garden" and "King's
Arms Tavern" in Landmark Map Rd, Key, III: 976, 979,

New Amsterdam contained, in 1656, when first surveyed,
probably by Capt. De Konlngh (sec Nov. 10, 1655), 120 houses,
and 1,000 souls.—O'Callaghan,ff/K. ofNewNelk. (1848), II: 540.

The recdpts ot the West India Co, from recognizances and
convoys of ships to and from New Netherland, a total ot dght
ships, were 24, 624:4:8 florins.—N.Nelh. Papers, No, 1210, op. ell.

Stuyvesant, writing on Oct, 6, 1660 {q.v.) to the directors of
the West India Co,, said: "We thought it advisable to send you
also a small sketch of the city, drawn in perspective by Sieur Augus¬
tin Heermans three or tour years ago," etc. This view, which
may be the one trom which the original ot Pl. 6, Vol, I, was en¬
graved, was therefore probably drawn In this or the following year.

Gov. Eaton's Code of Laws Is published in London. These
laws are usuaUy caUed the "Blue Laws ot Connecticut."—Winsor,
UI:  37I-7J-
 

Megapolensis and Drisius, the two Dulch clergymen ot New Jan.
Amsterdam, petition Stuyvesant and the council against the hold- 15
ing of "conventicles and gatherings" at Middelburg (Newtown,
L. L), by "some inhabitants and unqualified persons," who presume
"to teach the Gospel;" whereupon, an order is made in council
that "placats" shall be issued against the practice.^V, Y. Col.
Docs., XIV:  336-J7,

Among certain questions which Stuyvesant submits to his 18
council tor solution is one "whether it Is not necessary, to make a
general monthly muster of all men, able to bear arms, in each
viUage or hamlet, to find out how they are armed and to take and
list them, in order to prevent the selling or destroying ot the arms,"
The council resolves, thereupon, that the magistrates of each
village be directed "to make inquiries in private, what arms the
people In thdr jurisdiction had and to report thereon to the high
Coundl."—JV. Y. Col. Docs., XIH:  59.   See also Nov. 10, 1655.

The isolation of the country people trom one another has
resulted in "many murders of People, killing and destmction of
Cattle, and burning ot Houses" by Indian incursions. This was
particularly tme during the Indian uprising ot Sept., 1655. Stuy¬
vesant and the council now declare that the Inhabitants ought to
profit from these sad experiences, and "form compact dweUings iu
suitable places," so that the government can assist and maintain
its subjects. A provincial ordinance is, therdore, promulgated
by them, commanding the scattered inhabitants "to concentrate
themsdves, by next Spring, in the form of Towns, Villages and
Hamlets," and declaring that those who remain thereafter "on
theh isolated plantations," wiU "do so at thdr peril without
obtaining, in time of need, any assistance," and that they will
"moreover be fined annually in the sum of 25 guilders for the
behoof of the public."—L.TOJjSi'Or^.Ar.A'ef*,, 106-7; RecN.Am.,
1:  19-20;  n:  17-18,   See also Feb. 9, i65o.

The election of burgomasters and schepens took place annually, "
on Candlemas Day (Feb, 2), Until now, they were named and
appointed solely by the director-general and council, A new elec-
rion being near at hand, the mling burgomasters and schepens now
petition tor the privilege to "nominate a double number of the new
incoming Burgomasters and Schepens," trom which the director-
general and councU can "at theusual time , . , select and confirm
a single number." The request to nominate is at once granted, yet
with a proviso that "no opponents" of the supreme government
shaU be included, and with a reservation that it the supreme author¬
ity chooses it can "commission any person . . . whom the
nomination" suits,—iiee, JV. ^m., II: 16-17; Cal. Hisl, MSS.,
Dulch, 158, On Jan, 24, Cornehs van Tienhoven, the schout, pro¬
posed "that a day be fixed tor assembling," in order to make the
nominations, and that, meanwhile, "each should ot himsdt make
out a nomination without communicating the same to anybody
dse," Accordingly, the board met on the 31st, certified a double
number of nominees, and requested Stuyvesant and the councU to
"be pleased to elect from them the wisest, most inldligent and
best qualified." On Feb. 2, Stuyvesant and the council resolved,
"for pregnant reasons moving them hereunto, ... to continue
for another year the Burgomasters and Schepens at present in
office tor the sake of peace and harmony, for the welfare of this
City, and only to supply the two vacancies of Schepens with
two other reasonable and proper persons," who were, however,
among those that had been certified as nominees.—Rec. N. Am.,
U: 24-30.   See, further, Jan. 30, 1658,

Stuyvesant and the council decree that, "in order to prevent
sudden conflagrations" in New Amsterdam, "no houses" shall
henceforth " be rooted with straw or reeds," nor any more chimneys
be constmcted "ot clapboards or wood," The burgomasters are
required to promulgate the ordinance by placards. This they did
on the 20th, "after previous ringing ot the bell," at the city hall.
—RecN. Am.,1:  2o;  II:   18,19;  Laws&Ord.N.Nelh., 207-S.

On Feb, 26, the burgomasters, realizing from former experi¬
ence that many house owners were negligent in caring for their
fires, and remiss in keeping their chimneys clean, trom which
conflagrations had resulted because "the greater part ot the houses"
were ot wood, "some covered with reed, with wooden and clap-
boarded chimrues," named fire-wardens to inspect without hin¬
drance and al tbeir discretion "all the houses and cbimnies" in
the dty, and to issue such orders in each place tor fire prevention
as they judged best, with power to see that these orders were
catriedout,—SecA'. jfm,, H: 44.   See also Dec. 15, 1657-