CONTENTS.
 

Page

I. Introduction...................       1

Acknowledgments.............       2

II. Behavior.......,...............       4

Reactions to light.............       4

Reactions to gravity..........       4

Olfactory reactions............       4

Courtship and mating.........       6

Cross-copulation............       9

Experiments concerning sexual

selection.................       9

Sex-recognition by the male. .     10
Duration of copulation neces¬
sary.....................     11

III.   Genetics.......................     12

Mutations in species other than

D. melanogaster............     13

IV.  Physiological studies. . . .,........     15

Effect of humidity on pupse. ...     15
Effect of temperature on length

of life.....................     15

Nutrition.....■...............     15

Natural food of Drosophila larvse    16

Banana agar.................     16

V. Parasites and enemies of Drosophila    17

Fungus parasites..............     17

Nematodes and mites.........     17

Hjrmenopterous parasites......     17

Predacious enemies...........     17

VI. Anatomy......................     IS

Eggs........................     18

Larvse.......................     19

Pup83.......................     22

Structure of the imago........     24

Head......................     24

Antennae...................     26

Proboscis..................     26

Eyes.......................     27

Thorax....................     27

Legs......................     29

Wings.....................     29

Halteres or balancers........     31

Abdomen...................     32

VII. Chromosomes...............\. . .     39

VIII. Intraspecific variability..........     41

Secondary sexual characters....     44
IX. Methods   of   collecting   and   pre¬
serving DrosophilinsB..........     45

X. Systematic account.............     48

Systematic position of  the dro-

sophiline flies..............     48

Genera of Drosophilinse........     49

Aulacigaster..................     51

Curtonotum..................     52

Apsinota............".........     53

Titanochseta.................     53
 

Page
X. Systematic account—Continued

Cladochseta..................    53

Acletoxenus..................    54

Blsesochsetophora.............    54

Sinophthalmus...............    64

Gitona......................    54

Pseudiastata.................     55

Idiomyia................... .     55

Zygothrica...................     55

Dettopsomyia................    56

Camilla......................    56

Stegana.....................    56

Zaprionus....................    58

Pseudophortica...............    58

Leucophenga.................    59

Chymomyza.................    61

Mycodrosophila..............    62

Scaptomyza..................    63

Drosophila...................    65

Definition and distribution. . .    66
Group A.    (Sigmoides type)..    70

Group B.    (Florae type).....    72

Group C.    (Dubia type).....    73

Group D.    (Lutzii type).....    74

Group E.    (Prognatha type).    75
Group F.    (Funebris type)...    78
Subgroup 1.    Yellowish    or

reddish species.........    78

Subgroup 2.    Blackish    or

grayish species.........    93

Group G.    Miscellaneous spe¬
cies .....................   103

Names   recorded    from    North
America but not included in

the previous treatment.......   105

Genera not here  considered  as

drosophiline................   106

XI. Geological history...............   107

XII. Geographical distribution........   108

Nearctic region...............   108

Neotropical region............   112

Palsearctic region.............   114

Ethiopian region..............   115

Oriental region...............   115

Polynesian region.............   116

XIII.   Species hybrid..................   117

XIV.  Specific differences vs. mutational

differences.................   119

Specific cases of parallelism be¬
tween mutant characters and
characters of wild species. ...   119
XV. Catalogue of described species of

Drosophilinas.................   123

XVI. Bibliography...................   134

Index.........................   143