PRINTING AND BOOKAIAKINO.
 

KEI
 

K
 

THE eleventh letter in English; one very
rarely used, sharing with j, x and z this
distinction. It is a little thicker than an
en quadrat. In Latin K is equivalent to
250, but with a dash over it 250,000. The
Spanish, Portuguese and Italians have no K, and it is in¬
frequent in French. It formerly was used at the end of
such words as musick, antick and publick, but this cus¬
tom has been discarded. In the United States 1840 was
about the time when the change was complete. As an
abbreviation it means king, and in German K. und K,
means imperial and royal.

Kansas.—One of the Central States of the United
States, into which printing was introduced in 1834. The
Rev. Joseph Meeker, missionary to the Ottawa and other
Indian tribes, took with him an old-fashioned press and
printing material to the mission farm of the Baptists,
five miles east of the present site of Ottawa. He pub¬
lished a small missionary paper in the English and Chero¬
kee languages. With this exception no printing was
carried on within the limits of the present State until
after the passage of the Kansas and Nebraska bill in
1854, as there were no inhabitants except Indians, Co-
incidently with the passage of the bill creating this region
into a territory there was a large immigration from the
older States, and many newspapers were founded, as both
the pro-Slavery party and the anti-Slavery party desired
to obtain control of the Legislature. The act passed in
May, 1854, and in that year a settlement was begun in the
town of Lawrence, and a newspaper was printed in Penn¬
sylvania for the settlers, but dated Wakarusa, Kan., on
October 21,1854. It was called the Herald of Freedom.
The second number was issued in Lawrence on January
6, 1855. Other newspapers were begun in Lawrence
that year. The Herald was published at Leavenworth
by W, H, Adams on September 15, 1854. In November
of that year the Pioneer was issued at Kickapoo by A. B.
Hazzard. The total number of newspapers and periodi¬
cals pubhshed in 1860 was 27 ; in 1870, 97 ; in 1880, 347,
and in 1890, 807. In 1880 there were 20 daihes, 310
weeklies and 17 other periodicals ; in 1890 there were 47
dailies, 706 weeklies and 54 other periodicals. Kansas
has no very large city, nor is it in a position to draw
much printing from other States. That calling is ex¬
ercised chiefiy in Lawrence, Leavenworth, Topeka and
Wichita. Topeka is the largest in this respect. Much
work goes to Kansas City and St, Louis, both in Missouri.

Kansas City.—A large city in the western part of
the State of Missouri, lying on the Missouri River. It
is the printing centre for Western Missouri and for much
of Kansas, Twelve dailies and thirty-two other news¬
papers are published here. Printing has been carried on
in this city since 1854.

Kapitalchen (Ger.),—Small capitals,

Kapitalsteg (Ger.).—The piece of furniture put at
the head of a page.

Kapitel (Ger.).—Chapter.

Karren (Ger.).—The coffin (of a press), the bed, the
carriage.

Kastenbein Machine.—A typesetting machine on
the gravity system, first shown to the public in London
 

in 1872, It is a neat and compact apparatus, made of
iron, and standing about as high as a man. The differ¬
ent letters are arranged vertically in a series of channels
of just the size to hold them. Each letter hes on its side.
When the key is struck a letter is pushed out of its place
at the bottom of one of the channels and falls through
converging grooves to a place where it becomes a part
of the line of composition. It is justified by a second
operator, who takes a portion of the long line advancing
towards him, spaces it properly and makes it of the right
length. There are no nicks upon the type besides foun¬
dry nicks, and the distribution is effected by playing on
a keyboard, each touch detaching a letter, which falls
down a groove and is added to other letters of the same
kind. It is the reverse of the typesetting operation.
The speed in distribution is about four thousand ems an
hour, which is also the speed of the compositor and jus¬
tifier. Thus three expert operators are required to do
forty thousand ems a day. At one time this apparatus
was very largely used in Europe, and a large number of
machines were imported into the United States, several
going into the Times office in Chicago, It is believed,
however, that none are now employed in this country.
Like all typesetting machines, the Kastenbein requires
careful handling and the aid of experts in order to pro¬
duce its best results. It did not meet these conditions
on this side.    It is still used in many offices abroad.

Kattunband (Ger.).—Muslin or cloth binding.

Keep Do"wn.—An instruction to use capital letters
somewhat sparingly.

Keep In.—This is a caution either given to or re¬
solved on by the compositor when there may be doubt
of driving out his matter beyond his counting off, where¬
fore he sets close to keep in. Keep out, the practice con¬
trary to the preceding.—Stower.

Keep Standing.—Type kept in abeyance pending
possibility of use or reprint. Much type is set on news¬
papers which never is printed, although desirable, as it is
driven out by more desirable matter. This is kept stand¬
ing as long as there is possibility of use.

Keep Up.—An xastruction to use capitals somewhat
freely. To keep up style is to follow the usages of an
office with strictness in regard to capitalizing, orthog¬
raphy, punctuation, hyphenizing and division.

Keile (Ger.).—Quoins.

Keilen (Ger.).—To quoin up.

Keilkasten (Ger.).—The quoin-box.,

Keilrahme (Ger.).—A chase.

Keiltreiber (Ger.).—A shooting-stick.

Keimer, Samuel, was an employer of Franklin in
Philadelphia. He was bred to printing in London, where
he married, and leaving his wife in London came to
Philadelphia, where he opened an office in 1723. His
materials were an old damaged press and a small cast of
worn-out English types, contained in one pair of cases.
He wore a long beard and had peculiar religious notions,
using a phraseology somewhat similar to the Quakers.
He was unsuccessful in business, and in 1728 or 1729
removed to Barbados. Franklin characterizes him as a
knave.

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