PAC
 

AAIERICAN DICTIONARY OF
 

p
 

^ THE sixteenth letter in English. The capital
and small letter bear much resemblance. It
is not among those characters most used.
In the lower case it is a descending letter,
and when reversed does not differ greatly
from a d except by having a serif extend completely
across the long body mark, while in the d it is only found
at one side. By apprentices it is easily mixed with q,
which looks like p when seen in a looking-glass. It is
supposed that the expression of minding your p's and
q's comes from this. In Low Latin P signified according
to Ugotion 100, but according to Baronius 7. In music
p. signifies piano (softly), S, P, S, P. is an abbreviation
for St. Peter and St. Paul, as on the Papal seals. On
medals P. stands for various names of persons, places
and qualities, as pater, populus, pins, perpetuus, pon¬
tifex, proconsul, &c.; P. P., pater patriae ; S, P. Q, R,,
Senatus Populusque Romanus; P, M., Pontifex Maxi¬
mus ; C. P., Constantinopolis. In speaking about books
p. is an abbreviation for page, and pp, for pages; the
latter is used in German as a sign for &c. The Arabians
have no p, and neither have the Llebrews, who use a ph
instead. On visiting-cards p. p. c, p. f, s, a,, or p. d, a.
are abbreviations for pour prendre conge, pour faire
ses adieux, or pour dire adieu, and signify the taking
of leave. L, P. in printing is an abbreviation for long
primer ; S, P. for small pica, and G, P, for great primer.

Pacchettista (Ital,).—A compositor who makes up
type into pages.

Pacchetto (Ital,).—Lines made up together so that
they may be taken off the compositor's galley. They
are not pages, ready to go on the stone, but must be re¬
turned to the galley to be made uj).

Pacchettoni (Ital.).—A certain number of packets
or pacchetti joined together to be proved and corrected.

Packer.—The warehouseman specially told off for
packing up work,—Jacohi.

Pad.—A quantity of paper of the same size, gummed
or glued together at one, two or three sides, so that a
perfectly flat, level surface may be used to write on, the
sheet being then torn off. It has been much used to
economize waste pieces of paper. It may be printed or
unprinted.

Padeloup, Antoine Michel, a celebrated French
binder, who between 1730 and 1759 produced a number
of fine bindings which have never been surpassed in sym¬
metry and elegance. He improved on both Boyer and
Du Seuil by adding a number of small ornamental de¬
tails, which have been imitated or copied by all of his
successors.

Page.—One side of a leaf; the quantity of matter
made up at one time, and which is encircled by margin
on all sides. It consists of a folio or head-line, some¬
times with reading and sometimes without, a blank-
line, the text, and a blank-line which contains the sig¬
nature whenever that occurs. If the folio has only the
page number that figure is placed in the centre, but if it
has a caption the latter takes its place, and the paging
is at the right or left, as the page happens to be odd or
even. The style most commonly followed for the head¬
ing for many years was to make use of small capitals,

416
 

but Italic capitals of a smaller size are now much em¬
ployed, as well as Italic lower-case letters capitalized
of the same size as the text or sometimes larger. The
blank-line beneath is the size of the text in ordinary
work, but in some it is diminished. If the page is lead¬
ed a lead is inserted there also. Sometimes a brass rule
passes across the page, but this has now become old
fashioned. At the bottom of the page is the foot-line,
consisting of quadrats of the same body that is used
above, and with a lead between it and the other matter
if that is leaded. The width of the page is as to the
length, in most approved octavos, as 4 is to 7; but in
duodecimos and quartos the width is greater in propor¬
tion to the length, being nearly as 3 to 5. Few pages are
now made up double the length of the measure. Some
offices have a rule that the
hypothenuse of the page, or
a line drawn from one corner
diagonally to another cor¬
ner, shall be the square root
of the sums of the square of
the base and altitude of the
page. That is, if the page is
four inches wide its length
must be such that the line
drawn from the corners diag¬
onally opposite shall be eight
inches long. This would
make the problem, allowing
a to be the width, or four
inches; and h the hypothe¬
nuse, or eight inches, to find
the value of x, or the length.                      page.

If 6^2 equals 16 and h^ equals

64, as we find would be the case, the answer is that the
length is the root of the difference between 16 and 64,
or 4/48. This is as nearly as w^e can make it 7. Prac¬
tically this is worked out in a printing-office by laying a
lead at the end of the galley and then taking a number
of leads of the same measurement, letting them rest
against a cut, and pushing them down the galley a little
distance. Take two leads of the same length, placing
them end to end, having the same direction. Let the
farther end of one touch the inner corner of the galley
and the end of the other touch the outside of the first
lead down the galley, and the proper length of the page
is shown.

Page-Cord.—A particular kind of cord, of small
size, used for tying up pages of type. It should be both
strong and flexible, and in size should not exceed the
twentieth of an inch in diameter.

Page-Gauge.—A piece of notched reglet used for
making up pages to a uniform length.

Page Hangs.—When a form is badly locked up the
corners of the pages get out of square and are said to
hang.—Jacohi.

Page Paper.—Pieces of stiff paper or wrapper upon
which pages of type are placed in order to release gal¬
leys.

Page Paire (Fr.;.—Even page; la belle page, the
odd page.