STA
 

, AMERICAN DICTIONARY OF
 

as established and cast by the American Type-Founders'
Association is as follows:
 

TABLE   OF   DIMENSIONS.
 

Number of Points.
 

One point.....

One and a half point.

Two point.....

Two and a half point.
Three point . , . ,
Three and a half point
Pour point . , , ,
Four and a half point

Five point.....

Five and a half point

Six point.....

Seven point , . . ,
Eight point . , , ,
Nine point     ,   ,   .   ,

Ten point.....

Eleven point . , . ,
Twelve point, , . ,
Fourteen ;point , , .
Fifteen point, , . ,
Sixteen point , . ,
Eighteen point , . ,
Twenty point , , .
Twenty-two point, .
Twenty-four point ,
Twenty-eight point ,
Thirty point . . , ,
Thirty-two point , .
Thirty-six point , .
Forty point , , , .
Forty-two point , ,
Forty-four point , ,
Forty-eight point . ,
Fifty-four point , ,
Sixty point , , . ,
Seventy-two point
 

Size in
Inches,
 

0,0138
.0207
,0277
.0346
.0415
,0484
,0553
,0622
,0692
,0761
,083
,0968
,1107
.1245
,1383
,1523
.166
,1937
,2075
,2213
,249
,2767
,3044
,332
.3874
,415
.4426
 

,5534
.581
 

.664

.747
 

Size in
Centi¬
metres.
 

0,0351

,0527

.0703

,0878

.1054

.1230

.1406

.1581

.1757

.1933

.2108

,2460

,2811

.3163

.3514

.3865

.4217

,4920

,5271

,5622

.6325

.7028

.7730

.8434

.9840

1.0542

1.1244

1.2651

1.4056

1,4759

1,5460

1,6867

1,8975

2.1084

2,5301
 

No. of

Ems per

Foot,
 

867,4699
578,3133
433,7349
346,9880
289,1566
247.8486
216,8675
193.7711
173,4940
157.7218
144.5783
123.9243
108.4337
96.3855
86.7470
78,8609
72.2892
61.9621
57,8313
54.2170
48,1928
43,3735
39.4304
36,1446
30,9810
28,9157
27,1085
24,0964
21.6867
20,6540
19,7152
18,0723
16,0642
14,4578
12.0482
 

No, of
Ems per
Metre.
 

2845.7143

1897,1428

1423.8572

1138,2856

948,5714

813.0612

711,4386

632.3810

569,1428

517,4026

474.2857

406.5306

355.7142

316.1905

284.5714

258.7013

237,1429

203.2653

189,7143

177,8571

158,0952

142.2857

129.3506

118.5714

101,6326

94.8571

88.9280

79.0476

71.1428

67,7551

64,6753

59.2857

52.6984

47.4285

39.5338
 

Pictorially these bodies are represented up to six-line
pica on page 520.

The proposed names of these sizes of type were as
follows:
 

Name.
 

Points,
 

Name,
 

Points.
 

American
German   .
Saxon .   .
Norse  .   .
Brilliant .
Ruby   .   .
Excelsior
Diamond ,
Pearl   .   ,
Agate  .   .
Nonpareil
Minion
Brevier    ,
Bourgeois
Long Primer
Small Pica
 


 


 


 


 

1
2
3

4

4^

5

5t^

6

7

8

9
10
11
 

Pica.......

English.....

Columbian  ,   .   .   ,
Great Primer   .   ,   ,

Paragon.....

Double SmaU Pica   ,
Double Pica    .   .   .
Double English    .   .
Five-line Nonpareil.
Double Columbian  .
Double Great Primer
Double Paragon .   ,
Seven-line Nonpareil

Canon ......

Four-line Pica ,   ,   .
 

12
14
16
18
20
22
24
28
30
32
36
40
42
44
48
 

A comparison of the sizes is given by Hansard, who in
1825 published in his Typographia what he considered
the real sizes of these bodies, with the variations of the
founders of his day. In his own oflice he had eight fonts
of pica which varied. In a foot they were respectively
"^V^, '71%, WJ^, '71%, 71, 711^, n%, 711^. In Moxon's
day the sizes then cast were to the foot in pearl, 184;
nonpareil, 150; brevier, 112 ; long primer, 92 ; pica, 75;
English, 66 ; great primer, 50 ; double pica, 38 ; twodine
English, 33; French canon, 173^. In this country the
pica made by Bruce and by Farmer could not be made
to work together at all. In one font of Farmer's brevier
and another of his bourgeois the disproportion is very
slight.   Twelve lines of one make thirteen of the other.

522
 

The variations in size between the type of A, D.
Farmer & Co. and MacKellar, Smiths & Jordan (not cast
on the point system) and that now made by them and
others on that plan can be shown in points as follows;
 

Name.
 

Point
System,
 

Old Sys¬
tem of
MacKellar,
 

Old Sys¬
tem of
Farmer.
 

Nonpareil......

Minion........

Brevier.......

Bourgeois......

Long Primer.....

Small Pica......

Pica.........
 

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
 

6
71/^

8+

93^+
10^^
12
 

6

7-
 


 

The marks plus and minus indicate sizes slightly
larger and smaller than the figures alone would other¬
wise show.

The discrepancy between the sizes as given by Han¬
sard, by the American system and by Bruce is as fol¬
lows, the figures referring to ems and decimals of an em
in a linear foot:
 

SIZES    OP   TYPE,
 

Name.
 

Bruce,
 

Point
System.
 

Hansard.
 

4^—Diamond......

5—Pearl........

51^—Agate.......

6—Nonpareil......

7—Minion........

8—Brevier.......

9—Bourgeois......

10—Long Primer.....

11—Small Pica......

12—Pica.........
 

201,587
179,593
160.
142,543
126.992
113.137
100.793
89,796
80.000
71.271
63.496
56.568

50.390

44.898
40,000
35,635
31,748

28,284

25!i98
22.449

2o!666

17.817
 

193.771
173,494
157.733
144.578
133,934
108,433
96,385
86,747
78.861
73.389
61,963
57,831
54.217

48.193
43.3;4
39.430
36.145
30.981
28.916
27.109

24.096
21.687
20,654

i9'.7i5
18.072
 

205.

178.

i43.**

138,

113,50

103.25

89.

83.

71,50

64.

*5i*,25

*44'.56
41.50
35.
32.

' 25,50

' 2b',75
' 18.33
 

14—English.......

15—Columbian......

16—..........
 

17—Great Primer.....

18—..........
 

20—Paragon.......

22—Double Small Pica   ,   .   .

24—Double Pica......

28—Double English    .   .   .   ,
30—Double Columbian   .   ,   ,
33—..........
 

34—Double Great Primer   .   ,

36—..........

40—Double Paragon  .   .   ,   .

43—..........

00—Meridian ,.,.,..

44—..........

48—Canon........
 

In this table Hansard's names for double small pica and
double pica have been altered, but the sizes are given;
these represent the best usage of the type-founders prior
to the recent change. When the American system of in¬
terchangeable type bodies came up it was objected to
as capriciously selected and not answering to any well-
known measure of length. It was, however, discovered
that 83 picas of the new body were equal to 35 centime¬
tres, and a measuring rod of this length has been made
by the MacKellar, Smiths & Jordan Company of Phila¬
delphia, by which the accuracy of any body can easily
be tested. It is substantially the same as the Fournier
system. The point on the American plan is .0351 centi¬
metres ; on the Didot plan, .0376 centimetres. Eleven
points and a fifth of the latter equal twelve points of
the former. The propriety of taking the Didot standard
was considered by some printers and type-founders, but
the changes required in fitting up matrices would be too
great. Many type slightly larger would look as if leaded,
and those on a slightly smaller size would often require
a change in ascending and descending letters.