2 0                                     Dallas Pratt

he started a humanitarian reform in elementary education which
gteatly affected the German system. It also influenced education¬
ists like Froebel, Horace Mann and John De«-ey.

AMlliam ^\'ilberforce (1759-1833).^ Speech of William Wilber¬
force, Esq.... on the Abolition of the Slave Trade. London, 1789.
Great names in the long struggle to abolish slavery and the African
slave trade were those of the French philosopher iMontesquieu, the
Quakers Anthony Benezet and John A^'oolman, and the English
abolitionists Thomas Clarkson and Granville Sharp. But Wilber¬
force «as the most influential advocate in the British Parliament,
and led the crusade which culminated in the 1807 Act for the
Abolition of the Slave Trade.

Edwin Chadwick (1800-1890). An Inquiry into the Sanitary Con¬
ditions of the Labouring Popidation of Great Britain. London,
1965 (1842). Chadwick was Secretary of the Poor Law Commis¬
sion, and wrote the 457-page report summarizing surveys of the
Commission which had exposed the appalling state of the urban
slums, where the poor lacked decent housing, sanitation and any
form of health care. Chadwick's program for water systems and
sewage disposal made him the first pioneer of public hygiene. The
initiation of the Civil Service was another of his many reforms.

The Earl of Shaftesbury (i801-1885). Speech of Lord Ashley*
in the House of Commons .. .to Bring in a Bill... Respecting the
Age and Sex of Young Persons Employed in the Mines of the
United Kingdom. London, 1842. No one in the history of Great
Britain initiated more reform legislation on behalf of the exploited
poor than this intensely religious aristocrat. The destitute insane,
women and children in the mines, tiny sweeps sent naked up chim¬
neys, homeless waifs in the London streets, children working four¬
teen hours a day in factories, even animals under vivisection:
Shaftesbury championed them all.

* Shaftesbury was known by the courtesy title, "Lord Ashley," until he suc¬
ceeded his father in 1851.