VALENTINE'S MANUAL

called to preach in the English language. The ncgroes
used to dance in the markets, where they used toratoms,
horns, &c., for music. They used often to sell negro slaves
at the coffee-house. AII marriages had to be published
beforehand, three weeks at the churches, or else, to avoid
that, they had to purchase a license of the governor—a
seemingly singular surveiUance for a great military chief.
We raay presume he cared little for the fact, beyond
his fee.

Before the Revolution, tradesmen of good repute worked
hard; there were none, as raasters, raere lookers-on; they
hardly expected to be rich; their chief concern, in suraraer,
was to inake enough ahead to lay up carefuUy for a living
in severe winter. Wood was even a serious concern to
such, when only 2s. 6d. to 3s. a load. None of the stores
or tradesmen's shops then airaed at any rivalry, as now.
There were no glaring allurements at windows, no over-
reaching sign, no big bulk windows; they were content to
sell things at honest profits, and to trust to an earned
reputation for their share of business. It was the English-
raen from Britain who brought in the painted glass and
display. They also brought in the use of open shops at
night, an expensive and needless service, for who sells
more in day and night, where all are competitors, than they
would in one day, if all were closed at night? In former
days, the sarae class who applied diligently in business
hours, were accustoraed to close tlieir shops and stores at
an early hour, and to go abroad for exercise and recrea-
tion, or to gardens, &c. AU was done on foot, for chaises
and horses were few.

The candidates for the Asserably, usually frora the city,
kept open houses in each ward for one week, producing
much excitement among those who thought raore of the
regale than the public weal.

Physicians in that day were moderate in their charges,
although their personal labor was great. They had to
make all their calls on foot—none thought of riding.
Drs. Baylie and McKnight, when old, were the first who
are remembered as riding to their patients. Dr. Attwood
is reraembered as the physician who had the hardihood to
proclaim himself as a raan raidwife; it was deeraed a
scandal to some delicate ears, and Mrs. Grany Brown,
with her fees of two or three dollars, was still deeraed
the choice of  all who  thought women  should be modest.

Moving-day was, as now, the first of May from time
immemorial. They held no fairs, but they often went to
the Philadelphia fairs, once celebrated. At the New Year
and Christraas festivals, it was the custora to go out to
the ice on  Beekman's and such like swamps,  to  shoot at

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