APPENDIX
CLASSICAL AUTHORITIES ON  MOROCCO

(Revised from the Bibliography of Morocco.)

ALL the writers before 500 B.C. were mere speculators or
poets,  whose  geography,  like   that  of   Homer,  may  be
regarded  as  purely  mythical.    The  island  of Lotophagi  may
„    ^                 be—perhaps is—the modern Djerba, off the coast

Hecatseus                          .                .                               .

0/Miletus.           of Tunis; but his Atlas has nothing to do with the

Cir. 520 B.C. mountain range of that name. Hecatseus, however,
enables us for the first time in ancient literature to touch soHd
ground, fragmentary though the literary relics which have come
to us undoubtedly are. He seems to have been a traveller
himself, and a diUgent, though not always critical, collector of
travel tales.

He mentions in Barbary, the Mazyes and Zygantes, tribes
living near the Tritonian Lake, and the same as those subse¬
quently referred to by Herodotus as the Maxyes
and Gygantes. He knew Metagonium, near the
Pillars of Hercules, perhaps Cabo de Agua (Ras Sidi Bashir),
if this was the same place which Strabo knows under this
name, and Thinga, or Tinga, or Tingis (the modern Tangier).
It is also not improbable, as Sir Edward Bunbury suggests in his
admirable History of Ancient Geography,"^ that his river Liza was
identical with the Lixus of later geographers, though this name
was so vaguely applied that the question must remain a moot
one.

* Vol.  i., p.   144.
543