I GO                  THE  WRITING  OF  NARRATIVE  LATIN

with them in an unfavorable place. 13.1 enjoined this strongly ^
upon the soldiers, that they should be ready for every emer¬
gency. 14. I have very little confidence in the Gauls for this
reason, that they never seem to be ready for any emergency.
15. This emergency suddenly confronted ^ us, that we were
compelled to fight at the same time with a band of the enemy
on each flank.    16. The penalty of execution ^ is most severe.

I. Find an English synonym which will guide you to the Latin
word. 2. Note carefully the relation of this word to the action be¬
fore you try to express it. 3. To determine the person of this verb,
consult the first example under 117, b. 4. Employ a superlative
adverb which will merely intensify the verb: the one you should
use is very common. Often English adverbs of special meaning, and
limited in application to the idea they modify, are to be rendered
into Latin by the most general adverbs of degree, applicable to almost
any verb. 5. Simply translate the meaning: there are several ways
of rendering this sentence.    6.  Cf. 117, a, 2.
 

LESSON  XXIII

CLAUSES OF HINDRANCE AND PREVENTION, REFUSAL,
DOUBT, FEAR

120.  Hindrance, prevention, refusal.

Verbs of hindrance and prevention, which in English take
after them from and the verbal in -ing, are regularly construed
in Latin with a subjunctive purpose clause introduced by ne,
quominus or quin. If the principal clause is affirmative, ne or
quominus is used with the dependent clause; but if the prin¬
cipal clause is negative, quin generally introduces the dependent
clause. Only the present and imperfect tenses of the subjunc¬
tive may be employed in this construction (cf. 81).

They prevent the populace from giving grain, multitudinem deter¬
rent ne frumentum conferant;  the ships were prevented from reaching