Io8                THE WRITING OF NARRATIVE  LATIN

the interview with ^ Ariovistus, I shall send a portion of my
army to occupy his lands.

I. * sent . . . ahead '; verb phrases represented in Latin by a
single verb are often separated in this way in English. 2. ^ arrive
at.' 3. ^ soldiers.' 4. Here is an opportunity to fill in the lin¬
guistic " blank check." Cf. 12. 5. Do not use cum: never permit
a prepositional phrase in Latin to modify a noun; write ^ Ariovis¬
tus ' in the gen. here; see 99, n. i.
 

LESSON   XXV
CLAUSES OF TIME  (Continued)

133.   When, referring to a single past occurrence, is translated
by ubi, or less frequently by ut with the perfect indicative.

When the Helvetii were informed, they sent envoys, uhi Helvetii
certiores facti sunt, legatos mittunt.

134.   When, referring to present, future, or past time, is trans¬
lated by cum, the most frequent and the most important of
the time particles.

a.   Cum, when, referring to present or future time, is joined
with the indicative.

Most of them, when they are overwhelmed by debt, attach themselves
to the nobles in serfdom, plerique, cum aere alieno premuntur, sese
in servitutem dicant nobilibus; when I have any hope, I shall inform
you, cum in spem venero, vos certiores faciam.

b.   Cum, when, referring to past time, is joined with the indic¬
ative to indicate the point of time at which the event narrated
or described by the main clause occurred; with the subjunctive
to emphasize the circumstances accompanying this event.
These two kinds of cum clauses may be called, respectivelyj
determinative cum clauses and descriptive cum clauses of situation.