THE  ENGLISH  VERBAL  IN  -ING                    143

themselves done to the province. 11. As long as Caesar remains
with the army, so long it has no fear. 12. A great disaster has
befallen the enemy, such as they cannot recover from in many
months. 13. These are the same wagons that we used in our
former march against the Helvetii; the oftener you repair them,
the less likely ^ are you to use them. 14. The more you thank me
for what I have done, the less likely am I to do it for you again.
15. I advise you to march with as much speed as you can;
for the faster you go, the better ^ it will please me. 16. Either
go by the same route as before or by some shorter one.

I. Express by the tense employed in the idiom. 2. 167.
3.  magis.

LESSON XXXIV

THE ENGLISH VERBAL IN -ING

181.   English expressions involving the use of the verbal in
-ing are, in general, translated into Latin, in the oblique cases,
by the gerund or by the gerundive participle.

a. The verbal in -ing is rarely used in the nominative or as a
simple objective. When it is so used, it must be rendered into
Latin by a present infinitive. Reading is useful is the same as
to read is useful; so, / like reading is equivalent to I like to read.

182.   The gerund and the gerundive as equivalents of the
verbal in -ing.

a.   If the verbal is not syntactically connected with a noun,
it is represented by the gerund.

/ will take a day for deliberating, diem ad deliberandum sumam.

b.   If the verbal governs an object, the gerund is sometimes
used governing an object; but most frequently the object noun
itself assumes the case relation of the verbal, and the gerundive
participle stands in agreement with this noun.