xxxii                Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land

3.  Hauran   (capital   formerly   at   Sheikh   Sa'ad,   now   elsewhere),   covering   the   ndhiyahs   of

Ghabaghib and Jasim, and the Kadds of 'Ajlun (capital Irbid), Suweideh (or Sueida), Busr el-
Hariri (on S. border of the Leja'), ed-Dera'ah, Salkhad, and 'Ahire.

4.  Kerak, with the ndhiyahs Khanzireh and Diban; and the Kadas, es-Salt, and et-Tafileh, and

Ma*an. On the map es-Salt is reckoned to Hauran, but the change has been made recently.
Dalman reports the addition of the ndhiyahs of esh-Shobak and el-'Akabah (M. u. N.D.V.P.,
1909, 14).

III.  The Sanjak of Jerusalem (Arab. Kuds Sherif) consists of the ndhiyahs Beit-Lahm (Bethlehem)
Kamallah, Safa, and 'Abwain, and the kadas Yafa (Joppa), Ghazzeh (Gaza), Khalll (Hebron), Bir Seba'
(Beersheba); and to these the IJada of Nazareth appears to have been added (see above). Dalman (loc. cit)
reports that the kada of Bir es-Seba' has been changed into a Sanjak or Mutasarriflik Mu'awinliyeh.

IV.  The Sanjak of Lebanon consists of the Kadas Shuf, Metn, Kesrwan, Batrun, Jezzin, Kura, Zahleh,
and what was formerly the ndhiyah of Deir el-Kamr, directly under the Mutesarrif, but appears now to be a
Kadd. The town and environs of Beyrout do not belong to the Sanjak of Lebanon, but are in the vilayet of
Beyrout. The government of the Sanjak is based on the '' Reglement Organique du Liban," constituted by the
Sublime Porte, Great Britain, France, Prussia and Austria, and Russia in 1861. The Mutesarrif must be a
Christian, and has the rank of a Vizier with the title of Pasha. For further details see von Oppenheim, Vom
Mittelmeer zum Persischen Golf, i. 32 ff., with a map, ''Die Verwaltungs-Eintheilung des autonomen Bezirks
des Lebanon, 1898."

60. CHRISTIAN MISSIONS

The data for this map have been obtained from missionary reports of the different denominations, and by the
Editor on successive journeys through the country. See also J. Richter, Mission und Evangelisation im
Orient, the 2nd vol. of the AllgeTYieine Evangelische Missionsgeschichte (Giitersloh, 1908); W. A. Essery and
J. H. Thomson, The Ascending Gross: some Results of Missions in Bible Lands (London: Religious Tract
Society, 1905); A. Forder, Ventures among the Arabs in Desert, Tent, and Town (1905); H. A. Krose,
Katholische Missionsstatistik (Freiburg i. Br., 1908).
 

EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS IN THE FOREGOING

LETTERPRESS

A.T.=(das) Alte Testament.

E.B. and Enc. Bibl. = Encyclopcedia Biblica, ed. by T. K. Cheyne, D.D., and J. Sutherland Black, LL.D.,

(London, 1899-1903).
H.G.H.L.=^Historical Geography of the Holy Land, by George Adam Smith (London, 1st ed. 1894; 4th ed.

1897).
Hastings, D.B.=A Dictionary of the Bible, ed. by James Hastings, D.D., vols, i.-iv. (Edin., 1898-1902); with

Extra Volume (1904).
J.Q.R.= Jewish Quarterly Review (London).

Josephus, Antt—Flavii Josephi Antiquitatum Judaicarum Libri xx., ed. Benedictus Niese (Berlin, 1887-90).
Josephus, Wars. =Flavii Josephi De Bello Judaico Libri vii., ed. as above (Berlin, 1894).
M. u. N.D.P. V.= Mittheilungen und Nachrichten des Deutschen Paldstina-Vereins (Leipzig).
P.E.F. Mem. == The Survey of Western Palestine, Memoirs, ed. for the Palestine Exploration Fund, 3 vols.

(London, 1881-83); Jerusalem, 1vol. ('84); Eastern Palestine, 1 vol. ('89).    See further Letterpress

to Maps 15-30.
P,E.F.Q.= Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement (London).
Pliny, H.N. ^Historia Naturalis.    See further. Letterpress to Map 9.
Rev. Bibl. =Revue Biblique Internationale publiee par FEcole Pratique d'Etudes Bibliques, etablie au convent

Dominicain St. Etienne k Jerusalem (Paris and Rome).
Z.D. V.P. = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Paldstina- Vereins (Leipzig).