Smith, George Adam, Atlas of the historical geography of the Holy Land
(London : Hodder & Stoughton, 1915.)
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XXXVI Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land III.—THE FIRST MILLENNIUM BEFORE CHRIST—continued (2) FROM THE RETURN OF THE JEWS TO THE BIRTH OF CliRlST—co7ttznued B.C. EGYPT. THE JEWS. SYRIA AND CYPRUS, GREECE AND ROME. B.C. 217 Ptolemy IV at Raphia compels Antiochus to retreat (Dan. xi. 10). ...... ...... 217 205 Ptolemy V (Epiphanes). 202 Palestine taken by Antiochus. ...... ...... 202 200 Egypt takes Palestine. 198 Palestine again taken . by Antiochus (Dan. xi. 13 ff.). ...... ...... 198 197 Egypt. . giving up Palestine to . Syria, makes treaty with latter by marriage (Dan. xi. 17). ...... 197 187 Seleucus IV (Philopator). ...... ...... 187 181 Ptolemy vi (Eupator). Ptolemy VII (Philometor). 176 /Simon, intriguing against) t the High Priest Onias III, j ( incites Seleucus IV to make an attempt on the Temple treasure: \ in vain (Dan. xi. 20). ...... 176 175 Attempts to Hellenise Judah Antiochus IV (Epiphanes) (Dan. xi. 21-45). ...... by Antiochus IV. 175 170 Ptolemy VIII killed. Ptolemy IX (Physcon), joint king with Ptolemy VII. Jerusalem surprised by Jason. ...... ...... 170 169 The Temple plundered by Antiochus IV, ...... ...... 169 168 Persecution of Jews, to de¬ stroy then-religion, . by Antiochus IV. ...... ...... 168 Syrian garrison and altar to Zeus in Jerusalem (Daniel 167 xi. 31). Revolt of Mattathias and his five sons . . . . against Syria. ...... ...... 167 166 Judas Maccabseus. Book of Daniel. 165 Ptolemy VII alone. Purification of the Temple. 164 Antiochus V (Eupator). ...... ...... 164 162 Demetrius I (Soter). ...... ...... 162 161 Jonathan Maccabseus. 153 Jonathan High Priest. 150 Alexander (Balas). ...... ...... 150 145 Ptolemy IX alone. Demetrius II (Nicator): Antiochus VI rival king for a few years. ...... 145 142 Simon Maccabseus. Judah's independence . acknowledged by Syria, ...... ...... 142 139 The Jewish state . acknowledged by Rome. ...... ...... 139 135 Hyrcanus I. 133 Jerusalem besieged by Antiochus VII (Sidetes). ...... ...... 133 129 Antiochus VII slain by Parthians. ...... ...... Demetrius Nicator. ' 129 125 Antiochus VIII (Grypus). ...... ...... 125 117 Ptolemy X (Soter II). Antiochus IX (Cyzicenus). ...... ..... 116 106 Ptolemy XI rival king. 103 Ai'istobulus I. 102 Alexander Jannaeus. Seleucus VI. ...... ...... Antiochus X. ...... ...... Antiochus XI rival king. Philippus I holds j^^arts of Syria. 96 94 88 Ptolemy X alone. Demetrius III holds Coele-Syria. ...... ...... 88 81 Ptolemy XII. 80 Ptolemy XIII. 78 Queen Alexandra. Antiochus XIII (Asiaticus). ...... ...... 69 66 Hyrcanus II. Aristobulus II. Antiochus XIII dismissed by Pompey....... ...... 6S 63 Pompey takes Jerusalem. Syria becomes a Roman province. ...... ...... 63 62 Hyrcanus II a Roman vassal. 51 Ptolemy XIV. ) Cleopatra. j jointly under guardianship of Roman Senate. ...... 51 47 Ptolemy XV. 42 Palestine .... and Syria under Mark Antony. ...... ...... 42 41 Cleopatra and Csesarion(Pt. xvi.) 40 Invasion of Palestine . Antigonus. by the Parthians. ...... ...... 40 37 Herod. 32 Death of Cleopatra. Octavian defeats Antony at Actium. ...... ...... 32 31 Egypt Roman prov. 4 Death of Herod. *^* For additional dates during this period see notes to Maps 38-42. IV.—PRINCIPAL DATES IN THE CHRISTIAN ERA (I) THE ROMAN PERIOD Judaea a Roman Province under Procurators Ministry of Jesus Christ .... Martyrdom of St. Stephen .... Apostolic Journeys of St. Paul A.D. 6 26-29 30 34-56 St. Paul's Voyage to Rome.........59. 60 66-70 70 106 130 132-5 136 c. 218 Wars of the Jewish Insurrection Siege and Conquest of Jerusalem by Titus .... Formation of Roman Province of Arabia by Trajan Jerusalem rebuilt by Hadrian...... Final Revolt of Jews under Bar-Khokhba and its suppression ^lia Capitohna founded on site of Jerusalem Origen in Palestine........ The Decian Persecutions......... c. 250 Diocletian's Persecution....... . . from 303 Eusebius, Archbishop of Caesarea...... . 315-318 Constantine the Great .......... 323-336 Jerome (Eusebius Hiercnymus Sophronius) in Palestine . . . 385-420 Final overthrow of Paganism in Palestine...... c. 400 Extinction of the Western Empire ....... 476 or 479 Justinian Emperor—Buildings in Palestine...... 527-565 Chosroes I invades Syria......... 540 Great Plague........... 542 Conquest of Syria by Chosroes II....... 611 (2) THE MOSLEM PERIOD A.D. Birth of Mohammed.......... 569 He begins to prophesy at Mecca........ 609 The Hejra or Flight of Mohamme I....... 622 Moslem Conquest of Arabia . . . ....... 629-32 The Emperor Heraclius receives an Embassy from Mohammed at Emesa............ 629 Death of Mohammed.......... 632 Moslem Conquest of Syria......... 633-8 Siege and Capture of Damascus........ 634 (635) Battle of the Yarmuk....... . . . 636 Siege and Capture of Jerusalem by the Saracens..... 636 or 637 Omeijjade Khalifs make Damascus their capital..... 661 Moslem Conquest of Africa........ . 698-709 Moslem Conquest of Spain ......... 713 Moslem Invasion of Europe reaches its limit at Tours, and is turned there by Charles Martel......... 732 Rise of the Abbasside Khalifs........ from 7^6 Harun er-Rashid, his Campaigns against the Romans . . . 781-805 Invasion of Syria by the Seljuk Turks ....... 1070-85 First Crusade........... 1097-98 Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem........ 1098-1187 Overthrow of Crusaders by Saladin in the Battle of Hattin . . . 1187 *^* For a list of the dates of the various Crusades see notes to Map 57. Sultan Beibars and the overthrow of the Franks in Palestine . . c. 1270 Mongol Invasions of Syria, the last by Timur or Tamerlane 1240, 1260, 1400 Siege and Capture of Constantinople by Mohammed II . . . 1453 Invasion of Syria from Egypt by Napoleon, and his Retreat . . 1799 |
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