NAUTICAL  DICTIONARY.                             [SAX

which the shipowner may become liable in consequence of the
ship insured negligently coming into collision with other ships.

RUNNING FIGHT, at sea, a fight in which the enemy
continues to be chased.

RUNNING RIGGING, implies the ropes or chains that are
used for hoisting the sails, he.    See Rigging,

SACOLEVE. A vessel of the Levant, having great sheer
and the stern somewhat elevated. They generally have three
pole-masts or two pole-masts and a jigger mast. (Diet, de
Marine a voiles.)

SADDLE. A piece of wood fitted on a mast to bear up the
inner end of a boom. In some parts of England this gets the
name of a mast-rim.    See also Gun (x4,rmstrong),

SAFETY-KEEL.    See Keel.

SAFETY-VALVES (Fr, Soupapes de surete). See de¬
scription of Steam Engine, Sects. 41, 36, and 44.

SAG, when applied to the hull of a vessel, is the reverse of
hogging. In seamanship, to sag to leeward, is the same as to fall
to leeward when sailing close-hauled.

SAIK.    ' A Levantine coasting vessel with a very large sail.'

SAILS (Fr, Voiles) are of two descriptions : Square sails,
which hang from yards athwartships, as the courses, topsails, &c.
of a square-rigged vessel; and fore-aiid-aft sails, which are set
upon gaffs, booms, or stays, lengthways of the vessel. (Plates
IIL and IV.)

The edge of a sail at either side is called the leach, its lower
end the foot, and its upper edge the head of the sail. See Bolt-
ropes,

1.   The most recent work on sail-making, including sails both
for ships and boats is Kipping's Elements of Sailmaking (1862),
being a complete treatise on cutting out sails, according to the
most approved methods in the merchant service.

2.  Mr. Orr's valuable invention of ' angulated' sails, especially
applied to jibs, consists in making the foot of the sail form aa
obtuse angle with the after leech. See pages 90 and 92 of
Kipping's Elementary Treatise,

3.   Trail's Patent Bands, or Protection to half-worn sails, is
another valuable invention. These bands, one inch in breadth,
manufactured expressly for the purpose, are sewed in angular
directions across the fore part of the sail, reversed on the opposite

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