APPENDIX.
 

THE   PLAGUE.
 

General and also particular symptoms of the plague at Athens
recorded by Thucydides.

It was epidemic, 48. i ; and also contagious, 51. 4. It was
said in former times to have ravaged Lemnos and other places,
47. 3. It was brought from Ethiopia and Egypt to Persia and
Greece, 48. i ; and first appeared in the Piraeus in the second
spring of the war, 48. 2 ; at its commencement it was attributed to
the poisoning of the cisterns by the Peloponnesians, 48. 2, as the
Black Death to the poisoning of the wells by the Jews. It was most
fatal in crowded places, especially in Athens, 54. 5, but scarcely
found its way into the Peloponnesus. It destroyed more than one-
seventh of the citizen hopfites, and a fourth of the knights, fii.
87.3; and in forty days there had fafien victims to it more than
a fourth of Hagnon's division of the army serving before Potidaea,
ii. 58. 3. It lasted in all three years, at first for two years from
the spring of 430 to the spring of 428 ; then reappearing after a
partial cessation of a year and a half in the winter of 427-426, and
continuing a third year, iii. 87. i. It was incurable, or at any
rate was never understood by the physicians; and the remedies
which did good to one did harm to another, 51. 2. It passed
through the body from head to foot. The patient when recovered
was rarely, if ever, affected a second time, and never fatally, 51. 6.
The summer in which it appeared was generally healthy; any
other diseases were converted into it or absorbed in it, 49. i;
51. I. The plague was attended by the usual accompaniments
of great epidemics, despondency and moral depravity, 51. 4 ; 53.

More precise symptoms were :—

Intense heat about the head.

Redness and infiammation of the eyes.

Bleeding of the throat and tongue.

Foul breath.