Hammond's handy atlas of the world

(New York :  C.S. Hammond & Co.,  1909.)

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ATLAS OF THE WORLD.
 

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.
 

ANDREW JACKSON.
 

____, iith of tuly, 1767; died at '_______„___,

D. C, 23rd of February, 1848. He was the son
of John Adams, second President of the
United States. In his early life he was taken
abroad by his father; studied at the University
of Leyden, and at fourteen began his public
career as secretary to Francis Dana, United
States minister to Russia,
uated from Harvard in  17?
 

) the 1:
 

5 admitted
 

1791.
 

public affairs.    He
1794-97; was yr'—'-
United   States
pointed   minis t

one   of   the   (c____

the treaty of Ghent;
ter to England,   "
to President M
 

) Holland,

3 Prussia, 1797-1801;

lor,    1803-08;   was   ap-

Russia   in   1809;   was

____   who   negotiated

was United States minis-
-17; and secretary of state
,1817-25. In the election
I. thougli he received but 84 electoral
votes to 99 foi Andrew Jackson, he was, by a
coalition of his followers with the supporters of
Clay, chosen P resident by the House of Repre¬
sentatives. Adams's administration was
marked by intelligence, firmness, and integrity.
It was, however, a stormy one owing to the
bitter attacks of his enemies in Congress and to
his own unbending and aggressive character.
He favored protection, and internal improve¬
ments at Federal expense. He failed of re¬
election in 1828 but in 1831, at the age of
sixty-four, he entered Congress as an inde¬
pendent member for the Quincy district in
Massachusetts, which he represented till his
death. He was an unsuccessful candidate
for governor of Massachusetts in 1834.
 

,    .                       . 1767;

died at the Hermitage, near Nashville, Ten¬
nessee, 8th of June, 1845. He began his
military career at the age of thirteen at the
battle of Hanging Rock. He was member of
Congress from Tennessee, 1796-97; United
States senator, 1797-98; justice of the Supreme
Court of Tennessee, 1798-1804; defeated the
Creeks at Talladega in 1813, and at Emuckfau,
and Horseshoe Bend in 1814; captured Pensa-
cola from the English in 1814; defeated the
English at New Orleans in January, 1815; con¬
ducted a campaign against the Seminoles,
1817-18; was appointed governor of Florida
Territory in 1821; was United States senator
from Tennessee, 1823-25; was an unsuccessful
candidate for President, in 1824; was elected as
the Democratic candidate for President in 1828;
and was re-elected in 1832. He instituted the
"spoils system" in national politics by dis¬
charging nearly 700 office-holders during the
first year of his administration as against
seventy-four removals by all the preceding
Presidents. In July, 1832, he vetoed a bill for
renewing the charter of the Bank of the United
States. On December 11, 1832, he issued a
proclamation in answer to the nullification
ordinance passed by South Carolina, declaring
void certain obnoxious duties on imports.
In this proclamation he announced his de¬
termination to enforce the Federal laws,
and following the proclamation he ordered
United States troops to Charleston and
Augusta, thus bringing about the submission
of the nullifiers.
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