HISTOEY  OF KANSAS.
 

tioiis from the upper and lower Cherokee towns \isiied Wtishinglon. the
fir.st lo declare lo the President (Thoiutis Jelleison) Iheir tmxious desire to
engage in the pursuits of agricultural life and fo establish fixed laws and
a regularly organized govetnment. and the hilter lo declare their w-ish to
colli inue the hunter life, andio ask I'orti resci'vtiiion to the west of the Missis¬
sippi, where game wtis more ttbuudaiil. The rnileil Sitites Government,
by the I'li'siili'iit. answered the reijueslsin the follow-ingaffectionate terms:
"The United Sttiles. my children, ate the friends of bolh parties, and, as
far as can be rctisoiiably asked, they aii' willing lo satisfy the w-isbes of
both. Those who remain nitiy be tissured of our patronage, our aid and
good neighborhood. Those who wish to renio\-e are pcrniitled to send an
exploiiiig |iiirty to reconnoitcr the countiy on the waters of the .Vrkansas
and While Ri\et's. tind the higher up the belter, as Ihe} will be Ihe longer
untqipt'otiched by our settlements, which w-ill begin at ilie mouths of those
rivers. The regular districts of Ibc Government of St. Louis are already
laid off to the St. Francis."

The Cherokces "of the lower towns'' tieeoiilingly cxiiloieil the country
on the rivers named, and, ttflcr making their selection, exclitinged their Easi-
ern for their new AVeslein lands, the United Slates generously giving all the
]ioor w-arriors of the emigrating tribe tt gun, a blanket and "a brass kettle,
or, if they preferred a beaver inip lo a brass kettle, Ihey could have that
instead, these articles "to be consitlcrcd as a full coinpeiistition tor the im¬
provements which they may leave"

In this and the In-aty of isiil. two }etirs later, provisions were mtide
for Ihc permanent loctitioii of the remainder of the Cherokces etist of the

Mississippi

In Alay, 1S3S, n tract of land forming a parallelogram of forty miles by
thi'ee hundred, alonu" the wesiein liorderof the Territory of Arktiustis. as it
was then bounded, was ceded lo the Clierokees, the propeily and posses¬
sions of the inhabitants being botii;"ht by the Federal (iovenimcnt, and
compensation made to them for remo\txl.

By the treaty of Dei ember 9. fs;:.-;, the Uniteil States ti:;ree to convey
to the Cherokee Imlitins "the followino tiilditioual trad ,if biml. siiutiicd
belween the west line of the St,tie of Alissouri and the Osugc lieseivation:
Begiimingat the southeast cornerof the same and running northalong the
etist line of the Ostiuc Itiiids fifty miles lo the norlhettsl eoiiier thereof, and
thence east to the wi-si line of the Shit,' of Alissouri; thence Avith said line
south fifty miles; thence west to the place of beginning—estimated to con¬
tain eight hundred thousand tuies of land."

The northern portion of this ii'scrvtition wtisin the souiheast corner of
the ])i'escnt Sttite of Kansas. Three yetiis after the tretity was made—in
Altiy, ls:i,s—(4en. Scott, by order of (iin Jackson, marched into Geoi'niti
with a milittity force tiinl aecomiilisheil the removal of the Cheidkees.

July 19, isiili, the tribe ceded to the Uniteil Slates the land in Kansas
sold to them in is:!.-); also the strip of land in Kansas ceded to thi'iii by the
same treaty, the lands to be sold at not less than ;t'1.35 |iet' acre The Sen-
tit,' added a proviso to the tretity. allow ing the Itinils to be sold at .$1 an
acre.

On the 30th of AtiLjiist. ISOIi. the Secieltii} of the Interior I Harlan)
made a contract with the American Emigrant Coniptinyof Coniieetieiil for
the sale of so much of the tract ceded by thi' Cheiokees {('heiokei' Neutral
Lands) as was "not oeeupied by tietutil settlers at the date of the tretity."
for !t!1 per acre

Secretary Brow-nin:;". who succeeded Air. lltirltiii, rcitiirding Ibis sale
illeu'til, mtiili- a contract, on the 9th of October, 1s(i7. to sell the lands to
James F. Joy. of Detroit. Alich. liy a supplemental Ireaiy made with the
Clierokees. ratified June 6. isiis. it was agreed that the .Vmeriean Emi.grant
Company should tissign lis contrail lo Joy. the coiilrtiei. so modified, be¬
 

ing  re-affirmed  and  declared  vtilid.     The  conlrticl   belween   Seereltiry
ISrowniim and Air. Joy was ctincelcd.

All the missiontiry and other establishments of importance among the
( herokees hiive been oulside the limits of Kansas.

.m;w yokk i.\m.\Ns.

To the various bands of New York Inditins. the remnants of the pow¬
erful Six Xatioiis, the feared and hated Iroquois, was assigned, Jtmutiry
15, 1S:!S. "the following trail of country, situaled directly west of the
Slate of Alissouri: Ilegiiiniiig on the west line of the Sttite of Alissouri, til
the nortlietisl cornerof the Clieiokee Irttel, and running thence north along
the west line of the Sliile of .Missouri twenty-seven miles, to the southern
line of the Aliami lands; thence west so far as shall be necessary, by run¬
ning a line at right tingles and parallel lo Ihe west line aforesaid to the
Ostige lands; and thence eiisterly along the Osage and Cherokee lands to
■the place of beginning—lo include t,S3 1,000 ticres of land, being 330 tteres
for each soul of said  Indians, as their numbers are at present  computed."

This tract was inleinled as a home for all the tribes residing in the
Sttile of New York.

IMUANS  OF  Till'.  I'l.AlNS.

The Clieyennes and ,Vi"ii]i:ihoes. conl'ederale tribes, were among the
niosi dri'iiiled foes of the early Alexican traders, and later, of the California
fortune-seekers. The boundaries of their country, as fixed b.y the treaty
of Se]itembcr 17, b'-'al, at Fort Laramie, included a lai'.;;e portion of what
afterward became Eastern Coloitido and AVestern Kansas, and w-ithin that
territory the United States agreed to proteel these tribes "against the com¬
mission of all depredations by the iieo]ile of the United States, after the
rtitifictilion of this tretity."

The iliscovery of the rich mining regions of Colorado in 1S,58 drew a
crowd of adventurers to that country, who, tigainsl the jirotests of the In¬
dians, occupied the land, eslablished mining camps, started cities, and
effectually drove the tribes from the mountains to the valleys and plains of
the :Vrkai"istis and I'l'iiiiblietiii rivers. Feb. is. isci. the Indians ceded all
their lands to the I'liited Sttitcs. except a tract between the Sandy Fork of
the Arktinstis and the Piirgtitory River, Government again contracting to
lirotect them in this diniinishcd reservation, and to aid them in the diffi¬
cult ttisk of learning to live in a new and untried way. For a few years
there was comparafive quiet, and the tlie}-ciiiies and Artqitihocs were, out¬
wardly, at least, at ]ietii'ewith the white settlersof Kansas. Troidile com¬
menced again in the spring of Isiil. and the w-ar then initiated was not
terminated until lS(i7 On the 3Sth of October. lS(i7. a treaty was con¬
cluded with the tribes, b.y the jirovisions of which they were located on a
rescrvtitiou in the Indian Terrilory, south of the Kansas line, and betw-een
the .Vrkanstts and ('imarron Rivers, with the iirivilege of hunting as far
north iis the Arktinstis Hi\ci" in Kansas,

There were 3,35(1 ('heyennes and neiirly 3,000 .Vriiiitilioes removed to
the Cheyenne .Vgeiiey in Indian Territory The ('heyennes were employed
for a time as niililtiry scouts, but were finally indiieed to attempt farm¬
ing, and, in a year's time, became self-susttiining. In issi. the.y raised
good crops, and resolved to break up their tribtil relations. During 1S83,
they moved onto farms on the Little .Missouri, went to work in earnest,
and, during the summer, built thirty houses, and raised produce enough to
keep them throtmli the winter.    They are fast becoming civilized.

An ticcount of the deiiredttlions of the Indians on the frontier is given
elsewhere.

The various w-anderiiig tribes that infested the phiinsof \Vestern Kan¬
sas for many years w-ere not in any sense oceiiptinlsof the countrv, and are
not identified w-ith the history of ihe Territory.
 

PRE-TERRITORIAL HISTOJRY.
 

KANS.VS. the child of the cumulated national sin of two centuries and
two governments, cttme into tbe w-orld. inoculated w-ith its virus, a
bantling, set tqitirt for the vile uses of shivery, by its unnaturtd mother.
The heroic striiatiles during its infant life lo ertidictife the taint, and ils
final triumphant entry, tiiipolluted, into the ftimily of States, constitutes
the briuhtcsl page of .\iiierictin history.

The hidden but tiotent forces w'liidi iiiolded the future ilestinies of
Kansas, which gave it inceptive life and preserved it Ihrough its ihirkest
days of peril, were vital long befoic its tiine. To a cletir conception itnil
undei'sltindin.i;" of the later hislorictil ntirnilive. the retider will not deem it
irrelevant to review such points of ]ii"ior liistot}' us have a direct, though
remote genealogictd relation to the llien unborn commo.nwetilth.

THE SI.A\'E1!Y (;ri';sl"lliN.
Slavery Ilereditiirti.—I'luler Ihe lai\sof Fttince and Ihe Rejiublic of
Texas, from which the United Stales ticiiuii'iil the domain of "which Kan¬
sas came to form a ]itii"t, clititlel slavery wtis :i leittilizeil institution. Ex¬
cept prohibiteil under eonstitiitiontil eniiilnicnl of Ihc United States Cox--
cinment, the old laws inhered, and the i"ii;lits of residents of the Territory
remained unimptiired and iirolecied iiiidei' Ihem, as thotiiili the ch;mL;"e of
ow ner.ship had never been consummated. Thus, when, in 1''-*(13. Fitinee
ceileil Louisiiinti to the United Stales, shiver}-being tilreiid}- legtilized. the
whole domain came to us already cursed with the vile inslilution.    As it
 

was not only legalized, but actually established, mtiny of Ihe residents hold¬
ing slaves, Frtince saw fit to assure Ihem in the courinued ])ossessiiin of all
riylils enjo}"i'il under her liiws by insert ing, in the tretity of cession, an ex-
lircss stiiiultition that the inhabitants of Loiiisitina "should be incorporated
into the Union of the rnited Sttiles. and admitled. as soon as possible, ac¬
cording to the iirinciples of the Federal constitution, to the enjoyment of
all the riulits. tidvtintttges and immunities of citizens of the United States.
And, in the meanlinie they .should be maintained and protected in the free
enjoyment of their liberty, pniiierli/. and the religion which they pro¬
fessed." Thus the slaves of Loiiisitniti. under Spaiiisli and French rule,
came, still fellered and unemanciptilcd, to a life of continued bondage
under the starry banner of the .Viiieiiciin Reiniblie The little corner of
Kansas. )}'iiig west of the twenty second meridian and south of the Arkan¬
sas Ri\er, logether with the residue of the Texas ]iiirclittse of 1S5(1. also
I'tinie into the ]iosscssion of ihe United States, subject to thcltiwsof Texas,
which legalized sltiMiy. Ctilibirnia and the rcmtiining territory acciuired
from Alexico, under whose law s shivery was piohibited, came under the do¬
minion of the United Sttiles uncontaminaled—free territory; unless, as
came to be stoutly maintained by Southern statesmen, the Feil'ertil liiwspro-
leeted iinil fostered shivery w-herever it wtis not prohibited by special enact¬
ment.

It w-ill be remembered thtit, so carl}-;is the session of the Constitu¬
tional Convention in 17S9, the rest lietion and ultimate abolition of slavery.