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The 1499 Cologne Chronicle, while assigning the first printing from
moveable type to Mainz, yet mentions that its forebears were "the Donatuses in
Holland." Fragments of elementary grammar texts composed by Donatus and
Alexander de Villa Dei survive, and are tied through study of their fonts to
what may be the remnants of Dutch prototypography. Almost all such fragments,
however, are now removed from their context, rendering their place and date of
origin yet more obscure. The startling exception is the present pastedown in a
manuscript containing works by Albertus Magnus and Raymond Lull. Paul Needham
has taken into consideration evidence of the manuscript scribe's colophon:
Conrad Itter signed his work four times during the course of 1463; Needham has
identified the manuscript's paper stock and the paper stock of the flyleaves
used by the binder; and he has studied the blind-stamped tools used on the
manuscript's binding of calf over wooden boards.
The result is a verifiable proposal for the place and date of production of
the manuscript: Cologne, 1463. By extension, we now have a terminus ante
quem for the manuscript's pastedown and thus for Dutch prototypography that
is some four years earlier than paper evidence amassed to date, and some eight
years earlier than ownership inscriptions have attested. The Burke Library's
fragment, because it survives in a context, advances knowledge of the means we
have used for five hundred years to spread knowledge: printing itself. The
manuscript and fragment came to Union Theological Seminary in 1838 with the
library of Leander van Ess at that time the largest and most comprehensive
theological library, with the largest number of incunabula, in the New World.
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