Home

South Africa
Economic Development, Environment, Health, and Labor

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• African Centre for Biosafety (Emmarentia, South Africa)
  The site offers briefing papers, reports, press releases, and links related to the question of genetically modified agricultural crops and organisms or GMOs in Africa---including regional/country information on GMO research and applications. "[The centre] was conceived in response to the assessed urgent need to address the actual and potential risks posed by genetic engineering on the African continent by campaigning for GMOs to be subject to the most stringent biosafety measures."
  
  
• Africa Centre for Investment Analysis (University of Stellenbosch, Bellville, South Africa)
  The website offers general information about the centre, conferences, tables of contents and abstracts of publications, including those of the African Finance Association.
  
  
• African Development Bank Group on South Africa (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire)
  Basic economic indicators and links to other "country operations" reports.
  
  
• African Human Genome Education Institute (South Africa)
  The website features information and news from the 2004 Cairo Conference on "Genomics & Society: The Future Health of Africa" as well as the 2005 Nairobi Conference and related information. Plus: The Journal of Genomics and African Society. (Online) in PDF format ; and, sample issues of the African scientist. (Online).
  
  
• AGIS-Agricultural Geo-Referenced Information System (Pretoria, South Africa)
  This site offers free data and maps of South African agriculture, natural resources, climate, and land use--from the National Dept. of Agriculture (see below), Provincial Depts. of Agriculture, and the Agricultural Research Council; information about various projects; and contact information for experts.
  
  
• AGOA.info (Tralac--Trade Law Centre for Southern Africa, Stellenbosch, South Africa)
  A commercial and investment news portal for information relating to US--Africa trade and the "African Growth and Opportunity Act". The site includes statistical summaries in the country "trade profiles".
  
  
• AIDS Info (2002) (South Africa, Department of Health, Pretoria)
  • An online resource for information on HIV/AIDS.
  • HIV/AIDS/STD Strategic Plan for South Africa, 2000-2005. (May 2000) -- Pretoria: Department of Health, 2000. PDF format.
  • See also: Treatment Action Campaign below.
  • See also: University of Natal--Durban and University of Pretoria below.
  
  
• Alexandra Renewal Project, Johannesburg, South Africa
  A website on community projects in the township, with news, proposals, and reports.
  
  
• Alternative Information & Development Centre, South Africa (Mowbray, South Africa)
  "The AIDC is an alternative information centre doing research, education and training, as well as campaigning and lobbying on the macro issues affecting the development process in South Africa."
  
  
• "Assessing South Africa's Economic Role in Africa" Joint Conference, Chatham House and the South African Institute of International Affairs, 9-10 June 2004 (Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK)
  
  
• Brabys.Com (South Africa)
  A searchable database for companies and industries in South Africa, parts of southern Africa, and the Indian Ocean islands.
  
  
• Budget Information, 1996 to present (Polity.Org, Creamer Media, South Africa)
  
  
• Cape Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Cape Town, South Africa)
  
  
• Central Statistical Service--Statistics South Africa (See below)
  
  
• CADRE--Centre for AIDS Development, Research and Evaluation (Johannesburg, South Africa)
  • "CADRE is committed to fast-tracking appropriate and effective responses to HIV/AIDS through informing policy and developing coherent strategic models for interventions. CADRE works in sub-Saharan Africa with a primary focus on southern Africa."
  • CADRE Presentations and Publications: full text online documents:
    -- Reports on HIV/AIDS and Gender (2003) PDF format
    -- The Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS on South Africa and its Implications for Governance: A Literature Review (2000) PDF format
    -- HIV/AIDS, Economics and Governance in South Africa: A Bibliographic Review (2002) PDF format
    -- Children, HIV/AIDS and Communication in South Africa: A Literature Review (2002) PDF format
    -- Children, HIV/AIDS and Communication in South Africa: A Bibliographic Review (2002) PDF format
    
    -- Full list of publications
    -- Links on HIV/AIDS for South Africa, the rest of Africa and the world
  
  
• CAPRISA--Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Cape Town, South Africa)
  A multi-institutional collaboration involving the University of Kwazulu-Natal, University of Cape Town, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, University of the Western Cape, and Columbia University. See especially:
  -- Newsletters
  -- Publications (abstracts and full-text via institutional subscriptions)
  
  
• Centre for the Study of African Economies: Structural Macro-Modelling of the South African Economy. (Oxford, UK)
  • "This ongoing research is based on two projects, funded by DFID. The first project: 'New Monetary Policy Challenges for Sustainable Growth in South Africa', during the period 1998-2000. The second, related project: 'Governance and inflation targeting in South Africa for sustainable growth', will be completed at the end of 2003."
  • CSAE Publications and works-in-progress on South Africa
  
  
• Chamber of Mines of South Africa (South Africa)
  This site is a rich source of information on the mining sector, with some reports dating back to 1995. The CMSA website offers links to daily & weekly news, quarterly reports on the industry, gold market reports, and industry directories; statistical data, policy position papers, and educational & reference sources.
  
  
• Danish Institute for International Studies, Department for Development Research. Formerly Centre for Development Research. (Copenhagen, Denmark)
  "CDR carries out social science development research in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It supports development research through library and documentation services and offers consultancy services." Note: The majority of the full-text, online working papers are on Africa, north of the Limpopo.

  • "South Africa and the global commodity chain for clothing: export performance and constraints" by Peter Gibbon. (CDR working paper; no. 02.7, April 2002)
    
  • "African mining in the late 1990s -- a silver lining?" by Magnus Ericsson and Andreas Tegen. (CDR working paper subseries ; no. 5, 99.2, April 1999)
    
  • IIS/CDR Home Page
  
  
• Development Bank of Southern Africa (Midrand, South Africa)
  DBSA reports and other publications. (Selected publications available online in .doc or PDF format.)
  
  
• Development Gateway Country Overview on South Africa (Washington, DC)
  A clearinghouse of links to a wide variety of organizational websites with economic data. Originally founded by The World Bank, the DG has been an "independent", donor-funded organization.
  
  
• Directory of Development Organizations: South Africa (2006) (Bert Wesselink, The Netherlands?) PDF format.
  
  
• Economic Policy Research Institute (Cape Town, South Africa)
  This NGO website features selected news reports, a small archive of downloadable papers, information on conferences and workshops, and other activities of the institute. "[Founded in 1994] EPRI is committed to analysing South Africa's socio-economic conditions and constructing sustainable economic polices that foster job creation and redistribution while supporting sustained economic growth and macroeconomic stability."
  
  
• The Economic Society of South Africa (via Global Insight; University of Pretoria, South Africa)
  The Society was established in 1925 and is a discussion forum for economists in academic life, government and business. The website features selected papers from annual conferences, economic indicator graphs, information about the South African Journal of Economics--with sample articles, and related links.
  
  
• The Edge Institute (Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa)
  • "The Institute provides in-depth analysis of the macro-economy and of industrial sectors, focusing on long-run trends and strengths and weaknesses in South Africa and other African countries."
  • Projects and papers
    An archive of downloadable reports on foreign direct investment, NEPAD, inequality, SA & the WTO, and HIV/AIDS.
  
  
• ELDIS Country Profiles (Electronic Development and Environment Information System, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK)
  Search for South Africa: This service compiles and indexes links to online full texts (requiring Adobe Acrobat PDF), related web sites, and print publications in the IDS library on a variety of subjects pertaining to South Africa, especially in the fields of agricultural economics, trade, health, governance, and education.
  
  
• Creamer Media's Engineering news. (Online) -- Garden View, South Africa: Creamer Media (Pty) Ltd., 2005-
  The online version of the weekly business and industry news magazine, featuring current news stories and profiles only--access to archives requires a subscription. The website also offers subscription information and online business research services.
  
  
• The European Union and South Africa, 1996-- (Europa, the European Union On-Line, Brussels, Belgium)
  • "Evaluation of EC Country Strategy: South Africa, 1996-1999," by Carlos Montes Stefano ...[et al.] (In PDF format.)
  • EC-South Africa programmes on development
  • EC-Africa Programmes on Development (English version)
  • EC on Development (General)
  
  
• FAO Aquastat Programme -- Search: South Africa, 2005 (Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome)
  A profile of South African water resources. "The 'thirst' for water data is ever increasing and there is indeed considerable demand for data on rural water use from national governments and development agencies. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations initiated an activity in 1993 to meet this demand with particular focus on irrigation. This resulted in the AQUASTAT Programme, the objective of which is to generate rural water use data at country level in a systematic manner."
  
  
• Food and Agriculture in South Africa (Harare, Zimbabwe; Southern African Development Community, Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Development Unit and Food & Agriculture Organization's Global Information and Early Warning System--FAO/GIEWS)
  Food security, meterorological and other data for South Africa--frequently updated. This information is part of a larger website produced by the Harare-based SADC-FANR Development Unit.
  
  
• Foreign Companies in South Africa: Entry, Performance & Impact -- An Overview, September 2002. By Stephen Gelb PDF Format (The Edge Institute, Braamfontein, South Africa; via "Sustainable Africa" Internet Channel, AllAfrica Foundation, AllAfrica Global Media, Washington, DC)
  
  
• Foreign Policy in Focus: "Thabo Mbeki's New Partnership for Africa's Development" by Patrick Bond (March 2002) Discussion paper -- Washington, DC: Institute for Policy Studies; Silver City and Alburquerque: Interhemispheric Resource Center, 2002.
  See also, FPIF on Africa.
  
  
• France. Ministère de l'Economie, des Finances et de l'Industrie -- Marchés extérieurs: Afrique du Sud (Ambassade de France, Mission économique; Paris)
  De plus, il y a des informations sur les marchés du Botswana, de la Namibie, et du Lesotho.
  
  
• Friends of the Earth International (Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
  • Press release: "Failing the Challenge: The Other Shell Report" (April 2003). [South Africa]
  • FOEI Campaign Home Page
  
  
• GEAR: "Growth, Employment and Redistribution: A macroeconomic strategy, 14 June, 1996" (Polity.Org, Creamer Media, South Africa)
  A copy of the SA government policy document.
  
  
• Health Systems Trust (Durban, South Africa)
  • This website offers current health news, downloadable reports, and links to a wide variety of health information for South Africa and the southern Africa region. "Health Systems Trust is a dynamic independent non-government organisation established in 1992 to support the transformation of the South African health system."
  • South African health review. (Online). -- Durban, South Africa: Health Systems Trust, 1995-
    An annual review of health policy developments in South Africa: the most recent issue and back issues -- all downloadable in HTML or PDF formats; plus order information. See also, the HST Home Page.
    
    
  • A national household survey of health inequalities in South Africa. (1995) -- Durban, South Africa: Prepared by the Community Agency for Social Enquiry (CASE) for the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, [1995]
    
    
  • For HIV/AIDS research, see also: University of Natal--Durban and University of Pretoria below.
  
  
• Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa (Pretoria, South Africa)
The site includes news, related links, and full-text research reports. "[Established in 1968] It supports development nationally, in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and in Africa. It primarily conducts large-scale, policy-relevant, social-scientific projects for public-sector users, non-governmental organisations and international development agencies."


• Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa (Johannesburg)
  This site includes detailed reports (in PDF) since 2000 on the South African economy and link to the IDC-sponsored website for NEPAD--New Partnership for African Development. "The Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa Ltd is a self-financing, national development finance institution (DFI) established in 1940 by an act of Parliament, the IDC act. It focuses on contributing to economic growth, industrial development and economic empowerment through its financing activities."
  
  
• The International Monetary Fund: South Africa Country Info (Washington, DC)
  Summaries, full length reports, and recent news. Note: Some documents are in PDF format, requiring Adobe Acrobat.
  
  
• The Internet -- ICT Development and Web Search Engines in South Africa (via Columbia University Libraries)
  
  
• Johannesburg Stock Exchange Home Page
  
  
• Johannesburg Summit 2002: World Summit on Sustainable Development, 26 August to 4 September 2002, Sandton Convention Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa. (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York)
  • General information about preparations for the 2002 follow-up to the 1992 Rio "Earth Summit" of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development; plus related information and links.
  • Jo'burg Summit 2002 Documents (Preparatory committee reports and remarks)
  
  
• Jubilee 2000 South Africa Home Page (Johannesburg, South Africa)
  • News, reports, and calls to action from the movement in South Africa for debt cancellation and global social justice. This site is part of a network of sites, including the Jubilee Plus (UK)
  • "Apartheid-caused debt: the role of German and Swiss finance," by the Swiss and German Coalitions of the International Campaign for Debt Cancellation and Reparations in Southern Africa. -- Johannesburg: Jubilee 2000 South Africa, February 1999.
  
  
• Land Rights in South Africa
  • South Africa. Department of Land Affairs (Pretoria)
    • The government home page, with current news and a selection of legistlative and policy documents. See also:
    • Commission on Restitution of Land Rights
  
  
• MBendi AfroPaedia (MBendi Information Services, South Africa)
  "To assist companies and business people around the world to do business in and with Africa. In its pages you will find information on the business opportunities and challenges in the countries of Africa, the companies and organisations active in various industry sectors (Oil, Gas, Chemicals, Mining etc.), the leading business and government personalities, details of conferences and exhibitions, a directory of products and services, the larger development projects currently underway in Africa, and information on the African Stock Exchanges."
  - MBendi South Africa Profile
  - For other countries, see the MBendi Home Page
  
  
• Medical Research Council of South Africa (Tygerberg, South Africa)
  See also: MRC publications and press releases.
  
  
• Moneyweb (Johannesburg, South Africa)
  A clearinghouse website for current investment news, analysis reports, and general business news for South Africa and the world....since 1997.
  
  
• South Africa. National Department of Agriculture (Pretoria)
  • The website offers reports and information from 2004 or earlier.
  • Strategic Plan for South African Agriculture (PDF format)
  • See also: Agricultural Geo-Referenced Information System above.
  
  
• National Institute for Communicable Diseases (Sandringham, South Africa)
  A web site for the medical professionals and the general public which includes information on testing services, recent news, plus other publications--including:
  -- Communicable diseases surveillance bulletin. (Online). -- Sandringham, South Africa: NICD, 2003- (HTML or PDF formats)
  
  
• National Research Foundation (Pretoria, South Africa)
  • The website offers detailed information on various NRF-supported initiatives and programmes; plus links to other sites.
  • NRF-sponsored databases: research organizations, register of grants, South African Data Archive, South African Network of Skills Abroad, etc.
  • NRF Publications
  
  
• NEPAD - New Partnership for Africa's Development
  • Business Day's NEPAD Conference, December 5-6, 2002, Cape Town (ABSA Corporate & Merchant Bank and Omega Investment Research, South Africa)
    Registration required: The website includes the full proceedings of a conference on "New Partnership for Africa's Development" (NEPAD), held at University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business (text, video, and audio files available); related reports in PDF format; plus order information for the CD-ROM version.
  • Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa: NEPAD Web Page (Johannesburg)
    This alternative site includes online documents from workshops leading up to and after the launching of NEPAD. Note: French language version still under construction. See also, the official UN Economic Commission on Africa site for NEPAD.
    
    
  • "The New African Initiative" (July 2001) (via Polity.Org, Creamer Media, South Africa)
    The full text of the Organization of African Unity's document (enacted in Lusaka, Zambia)...relating to Africa's new plan for future economic relations with the rest of the world.
    
    
  • "Thabo Mbeki's New Partnership for Africa's Development" by Patrick Bond (March 2002) (Foreign Policy in Focus, Washington, DC)
  
  
• Policy Project: South Africa (Futures Group, Washington, DC)
  A summary of assistance activities in HIV/AIDS policies and other reproductive health policies in South Africa, with downloadable reports in PDF format.
  
  
• PRODDER: The NGO and Development Directory of South Africa SANGONet (Braamfontein, South Africa)
  
  
• Safari 2000: A Southern African Regional Science Initiative (Global Environmental Change Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville)
  This website includes satellite image maps of southern Africa and links to information about research. "SAFARI 2000 is an international regional science initiative being developed for Southern Africa to explore, study and address linkages between land-atmosphere processes and the relationship of biogenic, pyrogenic or anthropogenic emissions and the consequences of their deposition to the functioning of the biogeophysical and biogeochemical systems of southern Africa."
  
  
• SAHARA--Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health Research Alliance (via Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria and Cape Town, South Africa)
  • A site still under construction: "SAHARA is an alliance of partners established to conduct, support and use social sciences research to prevent further spread of HIV and mitigate the impact of its devastation on South Africa, the SADC region and sub-Saharan Africa."
  • SAHARA: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance. (Online) -- Cape Town, South Africa: via Human Sciences Research Council, 2004- Abstracts and excerpts only.
  • Publications (downloadable)
  
  
• SANGONet -- Southern African NGO Network (Braamfontein, South Africa)
  • "...an information portal for civil society in the Southern African Development Community. It uses state-of-the-art technology to allow organisations throughout the region to publish content directly to the site..."
  • Development publications
  • South African NGO newsletters
  • International NGO newsletters
  • South African NGOs in Development: Conflict Resolution, Democracy, Education, Environment, Gender, HIV/AIDS, Rural & Urban Development, Youth, etc.
  • PRODDER: The NGO & Development Directory of South Africa
  
  
• Society of South African Geographers (via University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa)
  "The Society of South African Geographers was founded in 1994 when the (then) Society for Geography and South African Geographical Society joined together..."
  
  
• South Africa. Central Statistical Service (Pretoria)
  • Statistics South Africa Home Page
  • Search for all Stats SA publications
  • Stats SA Time Series Data (Free access, with registration)
  • Statistics SA Census 2001
  • Statistics SA Digital Census Atlas
  
  
• South Africa. Department of Land Affairs Under Land Rights in South Africa above.
  
  
• South African Society for Animal Science (Hatfield, South Africa)
  The website includes information on events, online issues of the South African Journal of Animal Science, online paper series, contact information of members in the South African Association of Professional Animal Scientists, and related links especially in the field of livestock production.
  
  
• South African Weather Service (Pretoria, South Africa)
  General daily and weekly forecasts for South Africa, seasonal and other reports, satellite images for southern and whole of Africa, and information about programmes.
  
  
• South African Reserve Bank (Pretoria, South Africa)
  The official home page of the Central Bank of South Africa, with general information on the bank itself, current gold & foreign exchange reserves, other investment information, as well as links to South African banks online and to other web sites for financial institutions in the southern Africa region.
  
  
• SARPN--Southern African Regional Poverty Network (Pretoria, South Africa)
  A consultancy website rich in development-related news, other news on human rights and health issues, project and conference reports, and related links for the region.
  
  
• Standard Bank of South Africa Home Page (South Africa)
  Note: This is a commercial site.
  
  
• Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) (Nonkqubela, Cape Town, South Africa)
  This website contains information on current awareness and health campaigns, HIV/AIDS news for South African and the region, documents, and related links. "The Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) was launched on 10 December 1998, International Human Rights Day. Its main objective is to campaign for greater access to treatment for all South Africans, by raising public awareness and understanding about issues surrounding the availability, affordability and use of HIV treatments."
  
  
• United Nations Agencies on South Africa -- Economy
  • United Nations Development Programme -- Human Development Report Indicators for South Africa: 2003 | 2004 (New York)
    
    
  • UN Economic Commission for Africa: "South Africa: locomotive for African growth." (2002) Chapter 2 in Economic report on Africa 2002: tracking performance and progress. (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) PDF format.
    
    
  • UNFPA--United Nations Population Fund: South Africa Country Profile (New York)
    
  
  
• United States Agencies on South Africa -- Economy (Washington, DC)
  • United States Agency for International Development (USAID) on South Africa
    • USAID on South Africa -- Country Information
      
      
    • USAID in South Africa (Pretoria)
    • USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse (General)
      Search the entire database for downloadable (in PDF) reports on projects and studies on South Africa.
    
    
  • United States. Census Bureau. Foreign Trade Statistics:
    -- US-South Africa Trade Balance, 1992--
    -- US International Trade Statistics: South Africa, 1996-- (Search)
    
    
  • United States. Department of State
    -- Country Commercial Guides for South Africa: 2000 (in PDF) | 1999
    
    
  • Economic Policy and Trade Practices Reports on South Africa: 1998 | 1997 | 1996
    
    
  • United States. Energy Information Administration: South Africa background -and- data
    
    
  • United States. Commercial Service: Recent documents on South Africa economy: including 2007 Commercial Guide. (International Trade Administration)
  
  
• University of Cape Town, School of Economics: Development Policy Research Unit (South Africa)
  • "[The Unit] undertakes research in the fields of labour markets, poverty, regional integration and regulation...centers on the following long-term research projects: labour demand and labour supply in South Africa; regional integration in the SADC region."
  • DPRU Publications: including books and book chapters listes, plus online working and conference papers, policy briefs, and annual reports.
  
  
• University of Natal, Durban (South Africa)
  • School of Development Studies
    See especially: SDS publications (Resource centre--download/order "working papers"; SDS newsletter ; policy briefs, etc.).
  
  
• University of Pretoria: Centre for the Study of AIDS (South Africa)
  The website includes downloadable research reports and news from the Centre, UN agencies, and news agencies. "[Established in 1999] the Centre operates ...to plan for, and cope with, the impact that HIV/AIDS is likely to have on the institution and the tertiary sector as a whole."
  
  
• Working Group on Space Sciences in Africa - WGSSA (South African Astronomical Observatory, Foundation for Research Development, Cape Town, South Africa)
  • "The Working Group on Space Sciences in Africa is an international, non-governmental organization founded by African delegates at the 6th United Nations/European Space Agency Workshop held in Bonn on 9-13 September 1996."
  • WGSSA Home Page
  • African Skies. (Online) -- Cape Town, South Africa: Working Group on Space Sciences in Africa; via South African Astronomical Observatory, 1997- [ISSN 1027-8389]
    -- 1 (May 1997)
    -- 2 (April 1998)
    -- 3 (Jan. 1999)
    -- 4 (Dec. 1999)
    -- 5 (Jan. 2001)
    -- 6 (Dec. 2001)
    -- 7 (May 2002)--PDF
    -- 8 (Oct. 2003)--PDF
  
  
• The World Bank on South Africa (Washington, DC)
  • The World Bank in South Africa, 1998--
    A country brief and a profile of economic indicators; plus a searchable database.
  
  

• South African Labor Movements
  
  
• The Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)
  "The Congress of South African Trade Unions was founded in 1985 and has since then been in the forefront of the struggle for workers' rights and against apartheid. COSATU is a partner in the Tripartite Alliance consisting of the African National Congress and the South African Communist Party. There are currently 20 trade unions affiliated to COSATU, with a combined membership of over 1.75 million.
  - COSATU Home Page
  - The Shopsteward. (Online) -- Johannesburg: The Congress of South African Trade Unions, 1995-

  Warning: A paid subscription is required to download the most recent online issue. This site does offer selected monthly or bi-monthly issues up to 2003 -- in PDF format.

  - Labour Links

  Links to information about COSATU affiliates, other SA labor organizations, and labor organizations in other parts of Africa and worldwide.

  - South African Democratic Teacher's Union (documents, web links for teaching & organizations)
  - Full list of COSATU affiliates
  - See also: Home pages of the National Union of Metalworkers and National Union of Mineworkers below.
  
  
• National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA):
  - NUMSA Home Page
  - NUMSA News
  - NUMSA Congress Resolutions, 1987--
  
  "In May 1987, NUMSA was formed. It merged four different unions: Metal & Allied Workers Union; Motor Industry Combined Workers Union; National Automobile & Allied Workers Union; and, United Metal, Mining & Allied Workers of South Africa. Two other metal workers associations belonging to COSATU joined soon thereafter: General & Allied Workers Union; and, Transport & General Workers Union."
  
  
• National Union of Mineworkers (NUM):
  NUM Home Page | NUM Publications & News
  "The National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) was formed in 1982 and represents approximately 357,000 members in the mining and electrical energy industries, the vast majority of the unionised workforce. Since its inception, the issues of wages, racial discrimination and health and safety have been the pivots of its campaigns for improved conditions for mine and energy workers. The NUM is the largest recognised collective bargaining agent representing workers in the mining industry and the electrical energy industry. Nationally, the NUM is affiliated to the Congress of South African Trade Unions and internationally to the International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions (ICEM)."