Submitted 26 September 1995 Mahmoud Haddad Assistant Professsor History Department & Middle East Institute 1116 IAB 420 W. 118th Strret New York, NY 10027 USA Phones: (212) 854-3525 FAX: (212) 854-1413 Email: mh101@columbia.edu Modern Middle East (19th and early 20th century) Egypt, Syria Iraq. Arab-Turkish relations. Social, cultural and political history. Arab nationalism, Islamic movem,ents. Languages: Arabic, Turkish, English, French.