EDUCATION:

Ph.D. 1965 University of Pennsylvania

RESEARCH: 

My interests are and have been primarily in those aspects of elementary particles that relate to the tiniest constituents of matter and to the forces that the constituents use to communicate. During and after graduate school, these interests led me to investigate the selection rules by which the weak interactions are governed, particularly as demonstrated by the hadrons. The rules for changes in electric charge, strangeness, and isotopic spin that such experiments demonstrated were important in later giving credibility to the quarks as the elementary constituents of hadronic matter. 

In the late 1960's, I began to concentrate on experimental studies of the deep inelastic scattering of leptons (neutrinos) by nucleons. This technique has been a principle instrument in understanding and verifying many aspects of particles and forces which are presently part of the Standard Model: (1) the validity of the quark hypothesis, (2) the existence of neutral-current weak interactions as predicted from synthesis of the weak and electromagnetic interactions, and (3) behavior of the strong force among quarks within the nucleon. My work on this program, which in its latter days came to be called the CCFR collaboration, continued until about 1990. More recently, this work has been continued by Professors Shaevitz and Conrad from Columbia in the program called NuTev. 

In about 1985, I began working to prepare for the advent of a new era in deep inelastic scattering with the HERA accelerator. The machine was commissioned in 1991, and the ZEUS experiment began operation at the same time. I have worked on taking and using HERA data since then. This novel collider permits observation of electron-proton collisions at energies more than a factor of 10 higher than previously available. My work at Columbia has been done in collaboration with several past and present colleagues at Columbia, including Professors Caldwell and Parsons, and many other physicists throughout the world. We have had an important role at Columbia in designing and constructing instrumentation, in accumulating and analyzing data for the ZEUS experiment, and in producing new scientific results. The first few years of operation demonstrated a new region of structure within the proton and new mechanisms to describe that structure. More recently, we have begun to explore the scattering at energy transfers larger than the energies of the weak bosons. Results at the highest momentum transfers are suggestive of scattering forces different from those expected in the Standard Model, but the statistical precision requires substantial improvement to be definitive. This will be accomplished at the requisite sensitivity over the next five years as the HERA luminosity continues its annual increases and makes a qualitative increase with changes in the HERA accelerator and detector planned during 1999 and 2000. The high event rates will permit unique tests of the Standard Model and unique sensitivity to phenomena that lie outside the Standard Model.

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS:

For a complete listing of publications see SPIRES "Measurement of the Rate of Increase of Neutrino Cross-Sections with Energy", with R. Blair, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 343 (1983). "Nucleon Structure Functions from High Energy Neutrino Interactions with Iron and QCD Results", with D. MacFarlane, et al., Zeitschrift f r Physik C26, 1 (1984). "Measurement of sin2(theta) and R in Deep Inelastic Neutrino-Nucleon Scattering", with P. G. Reutens, et al., Phys. Lett. 152B, 404 (1985). "Deep Inelastic Lepton-Nucleon Scattering", with S. R. Mishra, Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 39, 259 (1989). "Design and Implementation of a High Precision Readout System for the ZEUS Calorimeter", with A. Caldwell, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A321:356 (1992). "A Measurement of the Gross-Llewelyn Smith Sum Rule from the CCFR xF3 Structure Function", with W. C. Leung, et al., Phys. Lett. B317:655 (1993). "Measurement of the Proton Structure Function F2 in ep Scattering at HERA", with M. Derrick, et al., Phys. Lett. B316:412 (1993). "Search for Leptoquarks with the ZEUS Detector", with M. Derrick, et al., Phys. Lett. B306:173 (1993). "Search for Lepton Flavor Violation in ep Collisions at 300-GeV Center-of-Mass Energy", with M. Dercik, et al., Z. Phys. C73:613 (1997). "Comparison of ZEUS Data with Standard Model Predictions for ep -> eX Scattering at High x and Q2", with J. Breitweg, et al., Z. Phys. C74:207 (1997).

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