Sample Exam 1 *NOTE: The midterm will include questions from all assigned readings, and from topics covered only in lecture. {The sections of C&C chapters 4, 5, and 6 covering Piaget and operant and classical conditioning will be covered after the midterm.) Most of the questions below refer to material covered in Cole & Cole. We are providing detailed instructions similar to those you will see on the actual midterm. Multiple Choice Instructions: Read each question carefully, then circle the letter corresponding to the one BEST alternative. If you feel that a question is ambiguous, (1) Answer the question as best you can; (2) Circle the question number; (3) Describe on the back of the test booklet why you think none of the alternatives is correct, or why two or more alternatives are equally correct. Note: Don't waste time on this option; don't use it more than 4 times. To receive credit you must show that you understand why EACH alternative is correct or incorrect. 1. "Critical periods" in development a. occur in some animals but not in humans b. are only thought to regulate bonding in human infants c. are times during which particular events must occur for development to proceed normally d. have been observed in humans for physical development but not for psychological development 2. A psychology instructor analyzing her students' exam scores notices that the better the students performed on the lecture-based questions, the more poorly they performed on the textbook-based questions, and vice-versa. She has discovered a. a zero correlation between scores on the two parts of the exam b. a positive correlation between scores on the two parts of the exam c. a negative correlation between scores on the two parts of the exam d. definite evidence that the students who read the textbook do not attend the lectures and those attending the lectures do not read the text 3. Which of the following suggests that the most important factors in development are "exogenous" factors? a. cultural-context framework b. biological-maturation framework c. environmental-learning framework d. universal-constructivist framework 4. Mitosis is the process by which a. an ovum is fertilized b. body cells are formed c. genetic mutations occur d. sperm cells and ova are formed 5. Most sex-linked characteristics are carried on a. the Y chromosome b. the X chromosome c. an extra chromosome d. both X and Y chromosomes 6. According to Gesell, the changes that occur between conception and birth illustrate the influence of primarily what factor on development? a. learning b. maturation c. environment d. nutritional factors 7. The major organs of the body undergo the most dynamic changes during which period of prenatal development? a. fetal b. period of the ovum c. germinal d. embryonic 8. Deprivation of certain nutrients is most likely to lead to neural tube defects during which period of human development? a. the last trimester of pregnancy b. the first six post-natal months c. gestational weeks 4 - 6 d. the first two weeks after conception 9. The vision of newborns a. is very near-sighted b. tends to be far-sighted c. is comparable to that of the adults d. shows excellent acuity but no color vision capability 10. In newborn infants, "rooting" a. refers to the same behavior as nursing b. must be learned over the first few weeks of life c. is a reflex that causes the head to turn in the direction of a touch on the cheek d. is a voluntary behavior which the infant uses in order to locate the nipple while feeding 11. What will increase the likelihood that an infant will repeat a particular action? a. habituation b. punishment c. reinforcement d. extinction 12. An infant's early babbling a. consists of elongated vowel sounds b. consists of meaningful word-like sounds c. resembles from the start the sounds of the language to which they are most exposed d. consists of consonant and vowel sounds like those in speech 13. According to Bowlby's attachment theory, the mother serves as a a. model of behavior to be imitated b. secure base for exploration c. source of conflict d. vehicle for drive reduction 14. When reunited with their mothers in the "strange situation," which type of children (according to Ainsworth's classification scheme) are fairly easily consoled and soon resume playing? a. outgoing b. anxious/resistant c. anxious/avoidant d. securely attached 15. Harlow and his colleagues found that formerly isolated monkeys were helped to regain normal social functioning by a. finding mates b. interacting with much younger monkeys c. interacting with a large group of monkeys d. giving birth to an offspring that was removed at birth 16. The curve on the Dobbing figure that best reflects the proliferation of neurons is the a. first peak of the DNA curve b. second peak of the DNA curve c. brain weight curve d. cholesterol curve Show me the answers: Answers: 1.c 2.c 3.c 4.b 5.b 6.b 7.d 8.c 9.a 10.c 11.c 12.d 13.b 14.d 15.b
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