Questions for Chapter 2:  Habituation, Sensitization, MAPs, Reflexes

Define:

Reflex (p29)

Modal Action Pattern (p31)

P29-30 – What is a reflex? Give 3 examples of reflexes

Can reflexes change to suit the situation?

P31 What is a Modal Action Pattern (MAP) and how is it different than a reflex?

P33 What are the names for the stimuli that trigger MAPs?

Describe a MAP performed by humans. Why do you think this behavior is a MAP? (ie., how does it fit the definition of a MAP?)

P33 How can you figure out what the releasing stimulus is for a particular response?

P34 What is the distinction between appetitive and consummatory behavior? (be able to name 2 differences).

P35-39 Define habituation and sensitization

Give an example of each.

P 41 How do the following differ from habituation?
             1) muscle fatigue
             2) sensory adaptation

P42 Experimentally, how can you distinguish between habituation and adaptation and fatigue?

P42-45 Explain the dual process theory of habituation and sensitization.

P 45-48 What are the properties of habituation and sensitization? For instance…

What is spontaneous recovery?

How do you distinguish between short-and long-term habituation?

Describe the time course of habituation

What does it mean to be "stimulus specific"? Related – what is a generalization gradient? And do habituation and sensitization have different generalizations?

What is dishabituation?

P49-51 How do habituation and sensitization take place in the Aplysia nervous system? (generally speaking)

P51-56:

What is the typical way that an emotional reaction changes over time?

How does this reaction change with repeated exposure to the situation that evokes the reaction (e.g., repeated doses of heroin)?

What are the primary and opponent processes? (Generally speaking)