COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY RECORD  September 3, 1993  Vol. 19 No. 1

              RICHARD GARDNER NOMINATED AS ENVOY TO SPAIN

      President Bill Clinton Aug. 9 nominated professor Richard N. 
      Gardner as United States Ambassador to Spain.

      Gardner is an internationally recognized authority on 
      international law, international economic problems and U.S.-
      European relations. He holds the Henry L. Moses Professorship in 
      Law and International Organization at Columbia and serves as 
      Senior Counsel to the international law firm of Coudert Brothers. 
      He served as U.S. Ambassador to Italy in the Carter Administration 
      and as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International 
      Organization Affairs under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson.

      Gardner holds the B.A. degree in economics from Harvard, the J.D. 
      from Yale and the Ph.D. in economics from Oxford, where he studied 
      as a Rhodes Scholar.

   PROLIFIC AUTHOR

      He is author of four books on international affairs, including 
      "Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy: The Origins and the Prospects of Our 
      International Economic Order" and "In Pursuit of World Order: U.S. 
      Foreign Policy and International Organization." He has also 
      written numerous articles in "Foreign Affairs," "The New York 
      Times," "The Washington Post," "The Wall Street Journal," and 
      other publications. The Council on Foreign Relations recently 
      published his booklet "Negotiating Survival: Four Priorities After 
      Rio."

      He is a member of the Trilateral Commission and the Council of 
      Foreign Relations and is a member of the Board of Directors of 
      Freedom House and the International League for Human Rights.

      As Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International 
      Organization Affairs, Gardner received the Arthur S. Fleming Award 
      in 1963 as one of the 10 outstanding young men in the Federal 
      government for his contributions to United Nations peacekeeping, 
      trade and development, outer space negotiations and human rights. 
      He made the first U.S. statement condemning Soviet anti-semitism, 
      helped establish U.N. assistance to family planning, and was 
      responsible for the first U.S. call for U.N. actions to preserve 
      the human environment. He was a member of U.S. delegations to the 
      U. N. General Assembly from 1961 to 1967. He served as Special 
      Advisor to the United Nations at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio, as 
      he did at the 1972 U. N. Conference on the Human Environment.

      As U.S. Ambassador to Italy at the height of Red Brigades terror 
      and of Communist Party power, Gardner worked to define and sharpen 
      the Carter Administration's opposition to Eurocommunism and played 
      a key role in Italy's deployment of the intermediate range nuclear 
      forces (INF) in 1979, without which NATO's deployment would not 
      have been possible. He strengthened cultural and educational 
      programs and initiated a Student Loan Fund financed by Italian 
      businessmen to send Italians from modest backgrounds for study in 
      American universities.

      Gardner has served for the last 11 years as the co-chairman of the 
      Aspen Institute's program on the United States and the World 
      Economy, which brings together political, business and academic 
      leaders from the United States, Europe, Japan and developing 
      countries to discuss current international economic problems. He 
      has also been serving as chairman of the U.S. group in a joint 
      Russian-American program on the United Nations and collective 
      security established under the auspices of the U.S. and Russian 
      United Nations Associations.

      Gardner was an early member of Clinton's foreign policy advisory 
      team during the 1992 Presidential campaign. In 1988 he was a 
      foreign policy adviser to then senator Al Gore in his bid for the 
      Democratic Presidential nomination.

      He is married to the former Danielle Almeida Luzzatto, whose 
      family came to the United States from Venice, Italy, during the 
      Second World War. Mrs. Gardner is a correspondent in New York for 
      Italian print and television media. They have two children, Nina 
      Jessica Gardner, 32, and Anthony Laurence Gardner, 30.

      Gardner becomes the fifth Columbian to serve as the United States 
      Ambassador to Spain. John Jay, a Columbia graduate, was the first 
      American Ambassador to Spain in 1779, securing financial aid from 
      Madrid for the fledgling American republic a decade before he 
      became the first Chief Justice of the United States. Washington 
      Irving, who held two honorary degrees from Columbia, a master's 
      and a doctorate, was Ambassador to Spain from 1842 to 1846. 
      Carlton J.H. Hayes served as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's 
      wartime Ambassador to Spain from 1942 to 1945. The Seth Low 
      Professor of History at Columbia, he was a faculty member from 
      1907 to 1950 and wrote about his diplomatic experiences in Mission 
      to Spain. Most recently, Richard G. Capen, a Columbia College 
      alumnus (Class of '56), was Ambassador to Spain from July 1992 to 
      February 1993.