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20TH CENTURY TIBETAN HISTORY
Gray Tuttle, Columbia University
Spring 2007
Day/Time: Thurs 2:10pm-4:00pm
Location: 500C Kent Hall
Course overview:
This course is designed for students interested in gaining a broad view of Tibetan history in the 20 th century. We will cover the institutional history of major Tibetan state institutions and their rivals in the Tibetan borderlands, as well as the relations with China, Britain, and America. Discussion sessions throughout the semester will focus on important historical issues.
Required Reading
Tuttle, G. Tibetan Buddhists in the Making of Modern China. 2005
Goldstein, M. A History of Modern Tibet: The Demise of the Lamaist State. 1989.
Goldstein, M., Seibenschuh & Tashi Tsering. The Struggle for Modern Tibet, 1997.
Goldstein, M., Dawei Sherab, & Seibenschuh. A Tibetan Revolutionary, 2004.
Tsering Shakya. The Dragon in the Land of Snows. 1999.
Pema Bum, Six Stars and a Crooked Neck, Lauran Hartley, trans. 1999.
Knaus, Ken. Orphans of the Cold War. 1999.
Kolas, A & M Thowsen. On the Margins of Tibet: Cultural Survival on the Sino-Tibetan Borderlands. 2005.
Courseworks readings, including selections from:
Hartley, L. "Contextually Speaking: Tibetan Literary Discourse and Social Change in the People's Republic of China (1980–2000)." 2003.
Evaluation:
Participation (on-line and in class) 25%
(weekly response papers, due 5pm Tuesday; to be posted on Courseworks)Mid-term paper (due March 9 or 19, your choice) 25%
Final Paper (due 12/12) 50%
General Expectations :
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As participation is such a key component of the class, attendance at all classes is expected.
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Your written work for the final paper should be entirely your own, with careful citation of all sources according to an accepted Manual of Style (Chicago, MLA).
Class Schedule:
Week 1 (1/17): Introducing Tibet: Where is Tibet? Who are the Tibetans?
Everyone: Mills, Martin. Identity, Ritual and State in Tibetan Buddhism, Ch 1, 1-26.
If you are new to Tibetan Studies, these are also useful for getting oriented:
Kapstein, The Tibetans, Chapter 1 "The Vessel and Its Contents"
Tsering Shakya, 1993 Whither the Tsampa Eaters? Himal Sept-Oct: 8-11
Melvyn Goldstein, The Dragon and the Snow Lion. (intro to contemporary Tibet)
Week 2 (1/24): Foundational Tibetan Institutions and Ideology 133pp
Goldstein. A History of Modern Tibet, Introduction, pp. 1-37.
Tuttle, Tibetan Buddhists in the Making of Modern China, Intro & Ch1, 1-33. 34pp.
Mills, Martin. Identity, Ritual and State in Tibetan Buddhism, Ch 13 & Ch 11. pp. 329-347, 263-294. 50pp. Introduces the way that incarnate lamas operate in Tibetan society.
Robert Ekvall, Tibetan Sky Lines, pp. 115-125. 11 pp.
Week 3 (1/31) Integrating Tibet into the World-system (1860s-1904) 115pp
Tuttle, Tibetan Buddhists in the Making of Modern China, Ch 2, pp. 34-43. 10 pp.
Goldstein. A History of Modern Tibet, Ch 1 & 2, pp. 41-58. 18pp.
Andreyev, Alexander. Russia Buddhists in Tibet, from the end of the nineteenth century -1930. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society [ Great Britain] 2001 11(3): 349-362. 13pp.
Younghusband. Tibet and India, 1914. 149-167, 192-106, 298-303, 336-342. 44pp. This primary source was written in 1910 by the leader of the 1903-4 invasion of Tibet.
Coleman, William. "The Uprising at Batang," Khams Pa Histories, 31-57. 27pp.
Robert Ekvall, Tibetan Sky Lines, pp139-152. 13pp.
Max Oidtmann, History, Hides and the Environment of the Gansu Frontier, pp 1-27. 28pp
Further Reading:
Andreyev, Alexandre. "The Tsar’s Generals and Tibet," Tibet and Her Neighbours, 67-173.
Week 4 (2/7) The End of the Qing & the Advent of an Independent Polity in Tibet (1904-1914) 142pp.
Tuttle, Tibetan Buddhists in the Making of Modern China, Ch2, pp. 43-52, 10pp.
Goldstein, M. A History of Modern Tibet, Chs 1 (end), 2 &3: p. 58-87. 30pp.
Mills, Martin. Identity, Ritual and State in Tibetan Buddhism, Chs 9, 12, 3. pp . 233-242; 295-326, 53-82. 30pp (+skim Ch3).
Sperling, Elliot. "Zhao Er-Fang in Khams," Tibet Journal. 10-36. 26pp.
Paul Nietupski. Labrang: A Tibetan Buddhist Monastery at the Crossroads of Four Civilizations, pp. 75-93. 19pp.
Further Reading:
Ts’an-chih Chen, "The Autobiography of Ts’an-chih Chen," Tibetan Lives.161-195. 35pp
Narrative of a bi-cultural Chinese born and raised in Tibet, who went to India in 1912.
Donald S. Lopez Jr., The Madman's Middle Way : Reflections on Reality of the Tibetan Monk Gendun Chopel (Buddhism and Modernity) Chicago UP, 2006. pp. 1-46. 47pp biography of famous, often considered first, modern Tibetan intellectual.
Week 5 (2/14): Tibetan Centralization & Dissent, Chinese Interests in Tibet (1914-1933) 187pp
Tuttle, Tibetan Buddhists in the Making of Modern China, Ch 3 (end), 4, 5. pp. 52-155, 104pp.
Goldstein, M. A History of Modern Tibet, Chs 3-4,. p. 87-145, 177-185 (focus on Ch 3-4 & Pandatsang Rebellion), 67 pp; skim the rest of Ch5-6, pp. 146-212, 67pp.
Goldstein, M. A Tibetan Revolutionary, 2004. Intro & Ch 1, pp. 1-14, 15pp..
Further reading:
Fabienne Jagou. "A pilgrim's progress: the peregrinations of the 6th Panchen Lama." In The history of Tibet, 419-434. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. About the 9 th (or 6 th) Panchen Lama's life in exile in China (1924-1937)
Week 6 (2/21): New Relations with China and Britain (1934-1943) 145pp
Tuttle, Tibetan Buddhists in the Making of Modern China, pp. Chs6-7, pp. 156-220. 65pp
Goldstein, M. A History of Modern Tibet, Chs 7-10, pp. 213-368. 155pp .
Goldstein, M. A Tibetan Revolutionary, 2004. Chs 2-3, pp. 15-40. 26pp.
Week 7 (2/28): Troubles in Tibet (1942-1947) 170pp
Goldstein, M. A History of Modern Tibet, Chs 11-14, pp. 369-522. 151pp.
Goldstein, M. A Tibetan Revolutionary, 2004. Chs 4-10, pp. 41-128. 87pp.
Goldstein, M. The Struggle for Modern Tibet, 1997. Prologue & Ch1-3, 1-34., 35pp.
Week 8 (3/7): Efforts at Outreach (1945-1950) 213pp
Goldstein, M. A History of Modern Tibet, Chs 15-17, pp. 522-638. 117pp.
Tsering Shakya. The Dragon in the Land of Snows. 1999. Ch 1, pp. 1-32. 33pp.
Knaus, Ken. Orphans of the Cold War. 1999. Chs 2-4, pp. 19-82. 63pp.
Mid-term paper due March 9 or 19 th (your choice)
Spring Break 3/14 No class (try to get a start on the long reading for next week)
Week 9 (3/21): Chinese Occupation of Tibet (1950-1955) 244pp
Tsering Shakya. The Dragon in the Land of Snows. 1999. Chs 2-4, pp. 33-130. 134pp.
Hartley, L. "Contextually Speaking: Tibetan Literary Discourse and Social Change in the People's Republic of China (1980–2000)." 2003. Ch2-3,. pp. 56-104, 123-150. 75pp.
Knaus, Ken. Orphans of the Cold War. 1999. Chs 5-6, pp. 83-126. 43pp.
Recommended Reading:
Goldstein, M. A Tibetan Revolutionary, 2004. Ch11-17, pp. 129-215. 66pp.
Goldstein, M. The Struggle for Modern Tibet, 1997. Ch 4, pp. 35-47. 13pp.
Further Reading:
Goldstein, M. A History of Modern Tibet, Ch18-21, pp. 638-825. 287pp.
Week 10 (3/28): "Reforms," Uprising and Resistance (1956-1960) 220pp
Tsering Shakya. The Dragon in the Land of Snows. 1999. Chs 7-9, pp. 131-211. 120pp.
Goldstein, M. A Tibetan Revolutionary, 2004. Chs 18-20, pp. 215-236. 22pp.
Knaus, Ken. Orphans of the Cold War. 1999. Ch 2 7-11, pp. 127-214. 88pp.
Week 11 (4/4): The Cultural Revolution in Tibet (1964-1976) 205pp
Goldstein, M. A Tibetan Revolutionary, 2004. Chs 21-22,.pp. 245-270. 25pp.
Goldstein, M. The Struggle for Modern Tibet, 1997. Chs 7-11, pp. 89-151. 61pp.
Tsering Shakya. The Dragon in the Land of Snows. 1999. Chs 12-13, pp. 314-371. 57pp.
Pema Bum, Six Stars and a Crooked Neck, 1999. pp. 87-148. 62pp.
Week 12 (4/18): Reforms and Resistance in Tibet (1978-1990) 203pp
Goldstein, M. A Tibetan Revolutionary, 2004. Ch 23-25, pp. 271-318. 48pp.
Goldstein, M. The Struggle for Modern Tibet, 1997. Chs 10(end)-Epilogue, pp. 152-201. 50pp.
Tsering Shakya. The Dragon in the Land of Snows. 1999. Ch 13 (end)-15, pp. 371-448. 77pp.
Wang Yao. "Hu Yaobang’s Visit to Tibet, May 22-31, 1980." Resistance and Reform in Tibet. Barnett, Robert & S. Akiner, eds. pp. 285-289. 6pp.
Sperling, Elliot. "The Rhetoric of Dissent: Tibetan Pamphleteers." Resistance and Reform in Tibet. Barnett, Robert & S. Akiner, eds. pp. 267-284. 19pp.
Week 12 (4/11): Cultural and Religious Revival, Rise of Modern Literature (1980-2000) 203pp
David Germano. Re-membering the Dismembered Body of Tibet,. in Goldstein & Kapstein, eds. Buddhism in Contemporary Tibet, 53-94. 42pp.
Matthew Kapstein, "A Thorn in the Dragon’s Side: Tibetan Buddhist Culture in China," Governing China’s Multiethnic Frontiers, 2004. pp. 230-263. 34pp.
Hartley, L. "Contextually Speaking: Tibetan Literary Discourse and Social Change in the People's Republic of China (1980–2000)." 2003. Chs 4-5, pp. 151-243. 93pp.
Heather Stoddard. "Tibetan Publications and National Identity." Resistance and Reform in Tibet. Robert Barnett and Shirin Akiner, eds. pp. 121-156. 35pp.
Week 14 (4/25): Contemporary Developments in Historical Context (2000-2006) 192pp
Tuttle, Tibetan Buddhists in the Making of Modern China, pp 222-232. 12pp.
Tibet outside the TAR , CD.
Kolas, A & M Thowsen. On the Margins of Tibet: Cultural Survival on the Sino-Tibetan Borderlands. 2005. Entire.
Further Reading on Tibetan Identity in Exile and in China:
Klieger, Christiaan, ed. Tibet, Self, and the Tibetan Diaspora, 2002, Selections.
Fjeld, Heidi. Commoners and Nobles, 2005.