| 2.1 Classes of Hydrocarbons |
| Slide 2 |
| Slide 3 |
| "Alkanes are hydrocarbons in which..." |
| Alkanes are hydrocarbons in which all of the bonds are single bonds. |
| "Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain..." |
| Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond. |
| "Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain..." |
| Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon triple bond. |
| "The most common aromatic hydrocarbons..." |
| The most common aromatic hydrocarbons are those that contain a benzene ring. |
| Slide 8 |
| "a structural unit in a..." |
| a structural unit in a molecule
responsible for its characteristic behavior under a particular set of reaction conditions |
| "functional group is a hydrogen" |
| functional group is a hydrogen | |
| reaction that takes place is substitution | |
| one of the hydrogens is
replaced by some other atom or group |
| "functional group is a hydrogen" |
| functional group is a hydrogen | |
| reaction that takes place is substitution | |
| one of the hydrogens is
replaced by some other atom or group |
| "alkanes RH" |
| alkanes RH | |
| alkenes double bond | |
| alkynes triple bond | |
| arenes ArH |
| Slide 13 |
| "Alcohols ROH" |
| Alcohols ROH | |
| Alkyl halides RX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) | |
| Amines primary amine: RNH2 | |
| secondary amine: R2NH | |
| tertiary amine: R3N |
| "Ethers ROR'" |
| Ethers ROR' | |
| Nitriles RC | |
| Nitroalkanes RNO2 | |
| Thiols RSH |
| Slide 16 |
| Slide 17 |
| Slide 18 |
| Slide 19 |
| Slide 20 |
| Slide 21 |
| Slide 22 |
| "Methane (CH4)" |
| Methane (CH4) CH4 | |
| Ethane (C2H6) CH3CH3 | |
| Propane (C3H8) CH3CH2CH3 |
| Slide 24 |
| "n-Butane CH3CH2CH2CH3" |
| n-Butane CH3CH2CH2CH3 | |
| Isobutane (CH3)3CH |
| Slide 26 |
| Slide 27 |
| Slide 28 |
| Slide 29 |
| How many isomers? |
| The number of isomeric alkanes increases as the number of carbons increase. | |
| There is no simple way to predict how many isomers there are for a particular molecular formula. |
| Table 2.3 Number of Constitutionally Isomeric Alkanes |
| CH4 1 | |
| C2H6 1 | |
| C3H8 1 | |
| C4H10 2 | |
| C5H12 3 | |
| C6H14 5 | |
| C7H16 9 |
| Table 2.3 Number of Constitutionally Isomeric Alkanes |
| CH4 1 C8H18 18 | |
| C2H6 1 C9H20 35 | |
| C3H8 1 C10H22 75 | |
| C4H10 2 C15H32 4,347 | |
| C5H12 3 C20H42 366,319 | |
| C6H14 5 C40H82 62,491,178,805,831 | |
| C7H16 9 |