Ching-Yu Chang.  Japanese Spatial Conception University Microfilms: Ann Arbor, MI.  1982.

Basil Gray.  Japanese Screen Painting.  Faber Gallery of Oriental Art.

J. Edward Kidder, Jr.  Japanese Temples: Sculpture; Paintings; Gardens; & Architecture. Thames & Hudson: London.  1964.

Yuichiro Kojiro.  Forms in Japan.  trans. Kenneth Yasuda.  East-West Center Press: Honolulu.  1963.

Gunter Nitschke.  From Shinto to Ando. Academy Editions: London.  1993.

________ "Ma-The Japanese Sense of Place."  A.D. vol. 36.  March 1966.  pp. 116-156.

Ma, Space-Time in Japan.  Cooper-Hewitt Museum:  NY.  1979.