MAPKKK
NUCLEUS
MAPK
MAPKK
Ras
GTP
GDP
ADP
ATP
ATP
ADP
SIGNAL
TRANSDUCTION FROM CELL
SURFACE
RECEPTORS TO THE NUCLEUS
TYROSINE
PHOSPHORYLATION OF
RECEPTOR
RECRUITS Grb2-Sos TO PLASMA
MEMBRANE
ACTIVATION
OF Ras BY GUANINE
NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR
Raf/MAPKKK
ACTIVATED
BY
RAS OR PROTEIN KINASE C
ACTIVATION
OF MAP- KINASE
REQUIRES
BOTH THREONINE AND TYROSINE
PHOSPHORYLATION
PHOSPHORYLATION
OF TRANSCRIPTION
FACTORS IN NUCLEUS