Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Elimination: 
Part II

	Joseph Graziano, Ph.D.

Aspirin Metabolism

Organs Involved in Drug Biotransformation

	Liver
	Gastrointestinal mucosa
	Lung
	Skin
	Placenta

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1.Oxidation
a. Aromatic hydroxylation

b. Aliphatic hydroxylation

d. Oxidative O-dealkylation

e. S-oxidation

4. Conjugation
a. Glycine

b. Glucuronic acid

d. Acetylation

Examples of Characteristic Inducers of the Major P450 Gene Families

	CYP 1A2:
	CYP 2C19:
	CYP 2C9:
	CYP 2D6:
	CYP 2E1:
	CYP 3A4, 5, 7:
	Tobacco
	Prednisone
	Rifampin
	Dexamethasone?
	Ethanol
	Barbiturates

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Examples of Inhibitors of the Major P450 Gene Families

	CYP 1A2:
	CYP 2C19:
	CYP 2C9:
	CYP 2D6:
	CYP 2E1:
	CYP 3A4, 5, 7:
	Cimetidine
	Ketoconazole
	Isoniazid
	Cimetidine
	Water Cress
	Cimetidine, grapefruit juice

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Erythromycin (an antibiotic) and Verapamil ( a calcium channel blocker) are also important inhibitors of P-450

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