Excitation-contraction coupling in smooth muscle is believed to occur by two
mechanisms-electromechanical and pharmacomechanical coupling.
Electromechanical coupling operates through changes in surface membrane potential;
typically resting membrane potential= -40 to -70 mV.
Primary drive for the rise in intracellular calcium is membrane depolarization, with the
consequential opening of voltage operated calcium channels; neurotransmitters or
hormones acting to depolarize the membrane will cause contraction while those
producing membrane hyperpolarization will cause relaxation.
Like cardiac muscle, the influx of Ca2+ likely causes release of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic
reticulum.