• Many of these events occur within seconds to minutes • Many occur in the presence of actinomycin D and/or cycloheximide (i.e. in the absence of RNA                                      or protein synthesis!) • Many can be induced using BSA-E2 conjugates        (i.e. forms of E2 that can not enter cells!!) • Therefore, there has to be additional receptors, additional functions for the known receptors, or both