Historical Perspective on the Health Care System

Era of Expansion (40’s -60’s)

Era of Cost Containment
 (1965 - 80s)

Era of Assessment &  Accountability - (late 80s - present)


Quality of care

Quality of care
Dimensions

Quality of care
Dimensions

Quality of care
Dimensions

“Outcomes” and “effectiveness”  (1990’s)

Goals for outcomes research

Goals for outcomes research

Health Technology Assessment

Health Technology Assessment

Tradition of Health Technology Assessment - Before the 1970’s (cont.)

Tradition of Health Technology Assessment - the 1970’s (cont.)

Tradition of Health Technology Assessment - the 1970’s (cont)

Tradition of Health Technology Assessment - the 1970’s (cont)

Tradition of Health Technology Assessment - the 1970’s (cont)

Tradition of Health Technology Assessment - the 1970’s (cont)

Tradition of Health Technology Assessment - the 1970’s - Private sector responses

Tradition of Health Technology Assessment - the 1970’s - Private sector responses

Tradition of Health Technology Assessment - the 1970’s - Private sector responses

Tradition of Health Technology Assessment - the 1970’s – Private/public sector responses

Quality of care
Variation in use issues

Quality of care
Variation in use issues

Variation in use – a historical perspective

Quality of care
Issues

Quality of care
Issues

"Congress began to look to..."

Evidence-based guidelines -
Types of evidence

Evidence-based guidelines -
Types of evidence


Evidence-based guidelines -
Outcomes research
Dimensions of oral health outcomes

Evidence-based guidelines -
Outcomes research
Dimensions of oral health outcomes

Evidence-based guidelines -
Outcomes research
Dimensions of oral health outcomes

Evidence-based guidelines -
Outcomes research
Dimensions of oral health outcomes

Evidence-based guidelines -
Outcomes research

Evidence-based guidelines -
Need for evidence

Evidence-based guidelines -
Need for evidence

Quality/Hierarchy of Evidence
(Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2nd ed.)

Strength of Recommendations

Focus on 7 particular worries

Biased and defective methodology

Hidden values

Patient preferences

Clinical experience

Doctrine of Individuality

Doctrine of Individuality

Doctrine of individuality

Unobservable benefits and harms

Fear of liability

Tacit motivation and unarticulated resistance