Limitations of using visual-tactile exams
in oral health surveillance
Rely heavily on primary data collection from calibrated dental
professions
Rationale is that only dental professionals, calibrated to a standard,
can make valid diagnoses of oral diseases and conditions
n Very few public health surveillance systems rely so heavily on
primary data
Almost all surveillance systems accept a certain level of error as a
consequence of misdiagnosis, misclassification, or incompleteness
of data
n Example – mortality at national level measured with death
certificates
Filled out by a variety of individuals- physicians, physician assts,
midwives, medical coroners – few have received standardization
training on how to complete a death certificate
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