Limitations of using visual-tactile exams
(cont.)
Currently lack appropriate surveillance tool to measure
periodontal disease
n Have a large number of indices:
Measure soft and hard deposits in the supra- and sub-
gingival areas
Indices of gingivitis
Indices of periodontal involvement alone – loss of
attachment (LOA) or pocket depth
Or combined with measures of gingivitis
Also digital radiography and enzymatic tests to detect
specific microorganisms
n None of these measures appropriate to collect surveillance data
Issues of validity, reliability, and cost
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