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Single Genes can modify behavior: Worms; Flies; Mice: Humans

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Social Behavior in C. elegans.

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The Sleep Disorder Canine Narcolepsy is Caused by a Mutation in the Hypocretin (Orexin) Receptor 2 Gene.
L. Lin et al., Cell 98 365 1999

The Sleep Disorder Canine Narcolepsy is Caused by a Mutation in the Hypocretin (Orexin) Receptor 2 Gene.
L. Lin et al., Cell 98 365 1999

"Reduced Number of Hypocretin Neurons..."

Narcolepsy: summary

The Essential Role of Hippocampal CA1 NMDA Receptor-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in Spatial Memory
JZ Tsien, PT Huerta, and S. Tonegawa, Cell 87 1327 1996.

The Essential Role of Hippocampal CA1 MNDA Receptor-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in Spatial Memory

JZ Tsien, PT Huerta, and S. Tonegawa, Cell 87 1327 1996.

The Essential Role of Hippocampal CA1 NMDA Receptor-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in Spatial Memory
JZ Tsien, PT Huerta, and S. Tonegawa, Cell 87 1327 1996.

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Most Human Behaviors are Likely to be Genetically Complex: i.e., result from the complex interaction of multiple genes together with non-genetic (environment; stochastic) factors.

Genetics of Autism

Genetics of Autism

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Heritability of Psychiatric Disorders
Degree to which heritable (genetic) factors influence expression of disease or trait

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Alzheimer’s Disease is currently the best example of a complex disease with known genetic etiology.

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Apolipoprotein E - e4

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