Association Cortex, Asymmetries, and Cortical Localization of Affective and Cognitive Functions

The origins of localization

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Unimodal cortices

Association Cortex

Different association cortices have different functions

Functions of frontal association cortex

Delayed response tasks

Frontal saccade-planning neuron

The neuron is tuned for a specific direction of movement

Frontal response-inhibition neuron

The neuron is tuned for a specific direction of movement not to make.

Functions of prefrontal cortex:

Frontal signs at the bedside

Psychiatric aspects of frontal function

Different association cortices have different functions

Attention and the parietal cortex

Patients with right parietal lesions neglect the left half of objects and of space

The accurate representation of space

Parietal visual neurons, like all classic visual neurons,  have receptive fields relative to the center of gaze.

Parietal neurons remap their receptive fields around the time of every saccade.

The parietal cortex sends spatially accurate visual information to the premotor cortex, so accurate movement signals can be generated.

Parietal signs at the bedside - apraxia

Parietal signs at the bedside – attentional and body-image deficits

Cancelation task – normal subject

Cancelation task – Parietal Patient

Different association cortices have different functions

Temporal and Limbic Cortex

H.M. – Rasumussen and Milner’s patient with a bilateral hippocampal excision for intractable epilepsy.

H.M.’s deficits

Temporal signs at the bedside

Hemispheric asymmetry

Interhemispheric communication

Patients with callosal section

Callosal section and reading

Alexia without agraphia, a callosal disconnection syndrome

Alexia without agraphia

Take home message

More take home message

More errata in KSJ
(not my fault this time)