"Jill Gallin,"

Jill Gallin, CPNP

Assistant Professor of Clinical Nursing

Sources of Standardized Data

U.S. Census

conducted every 10 years, enumeration of population

Statistical Abstract of the U.S.

statistics on social, political, & economic organization

Vital Statistics

statistical summaries of records of major life events

Sources of Standardized Data

Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Reports (MMWR)

lists cases of notifiable diseases in the U.S.

National Health Surveys

health interviews of people

clinical tests, measurement, and physical examinations

survey of places where people receive medical care

NHIS NHANES BRFSS YBRS NHCS

Standardized Measurements of Health Status

Mortality Statistics

Life Expectancy

Years of Potential Life Lost

Disability-Adjusted Life years

Disability-Adjusted Life ExpectancyEpidemiological Study MeasuresEpidemiological StudiesEpidemiological StudiesEpidemiological Studies

Types of Diseases Examples

Causative Agents for Diseases & InjuriesCommunicable Disease Model

Chain of Infection

Chain of Infection

is the habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives & grows

Human: symptomatic or asymptomatic

Animal: called zoonoses

Environmental: plants, soil, and water

Chain of Infection

is the path by which an agent leaves the source host

Chain of Infection

Modes of Transmission

       Direct

            - Direct contact

            - Droplet spread

       Indirect

            - Airborne

            - Vehicleborne

            - Vectorborne

Chain of Infection

Noncommunicable Disease Model

Prioritizing Prevention & Control Efforts

Leading Causes of Death

Years of Potential Life Lost

Economic Cost to Society

Prevention, Intervention, Control, and Eradication of Diseases

Prevention

primary

secondary

tertiary

Intervention

which is defined as taking of action during an event

Control

general term used in the containment of disease

Eradication

total elimination of the disease

Levels of Prevention

Primary Prevention

is the forestalling of the onset of illness or injury during the pre-pathogenesis period (before the disease process begins)

Secondary Prevention

is the early diagnosis and prompt treatment of diseases before the disease becomes advanced and disability becomes severe

Tertiary Prevention

is to retrain, reeducate, and rehabilitate the patient who has already incurred disability


	U.S. Census
		conducted every 10 years, enumeration of population
	Statistical Abstract of the U.S.
		statistics on social, political, & economic organization
	Vital Statistics
		statistical summaries of records of major life events


Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Reports (MMWR)
	lists cases of notifiable diseases in the U.S.
National Health Surveys
	health interviews of people
	clinical tests, measurement, and physical examinations
	survey of places where people receive medical care
		NHIS NHANES BRFSS YBRS NHCS


	Mortality Statistics
	Life Expectancy
	Years of Potential Life Lost
	Disability-Adjusted Life years
	Disability-Adjusted Life ExpectancyEpidemiological Study MeasuresEpidemiological StudiesEpidemiological StudiesEpidemiological Studies


	is the habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives & grows
	Human: symptomatic or asymptomatic
	Animal: called zoonoses
	Environmental: plants, soil, and water


	Modes of Transmission
	Direct
	- Direct contact
	- Droplet spread
	Indirect
	- Airborne
	- Vehicleborne
	- Vectorborne


	Leading Causes of Death
	Years of Potential Life Lost
	Economic Cost to Society


	Prevention
		primary
		secondary
		tertiary
	Intervention
		which is defined as taking of action during an event
	Control
		general term used in the containment of disease
	Eradication
		total elimination of the disease


	Primary Prevention
		is the forestalling of the onset of illness or injury during the pre-pathogenesis period (before the disease process begins)
	Secondary Prevention
		is the early diagnosis and prompt treatment of diseases before the disease becomes advanced and disability becomes severe
	Tertiary Prevention
		is to retrain, reeducate, and rehabilitate the patient who has already incurred disability