A Presentation on
Asthma
Management and Prevention
| A chronic disease of the airways that may cause | ||
| Wheezing | ||
| Breathlessness | ||
| Chest tightness | ||
| Nighttime or early morning coughing | ||
| The study of the distribution and determinants of diseases and injuries in human populations |
Asthma Prevalence* by Age
United States: 1980–1996
Asthma Prevalence* by
Sex
United States: 1982–1996
Asthma Prevalence* by
Race
United States: 1982–1996
Asthma Prevalence* by
Race
Ages 5-34, United States: 1980–1996
Asthma* Hospital Discharge
Rates#
by Sex, United States: 1980–1998
Asthma* Hospital Discharge
Rates#
by Race, United States: 1980–1998
Asthma* Hospital Discharge
Rates
by Race, Ages 5-34, United States: 1980–1998
Age-Adjusted* Asthma
Mortality Rates
by Sex, United States: 1979–1998
Costs of Asthma
United States, 1980–1998
Projection for the Year 2000
Risk Factors
for Development of Asthma
| Genetic characteristics | |
| Environmental exposures | |
| Contributing factors |
Risk Factors for
Development of Asthma:
Genetic Characteristics
| Atopy | |
| The body’s predisposition to develop an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE) in response to exposure to environmental allergens | |
| Can be measured in the blood |
Risk Factors for
Development of Asthma:
Environmental
| Clearing the Air: | |
| Asthma and Indoor Air Exposures | |
| http://www.iom.edu (Publications) | |
| Institute of Medicine, 2000 | |
| Committee on the Assessment of Asthma and Indoor Air | |
| Review of current evidence regarding indoor air exposures and asthma |
Clearing the Air
Categories for Associations of Various Elements
| Sufficient evidence of a causal relationship | |
| Sufficient evidence of an association | |
| Limited or suggested evidence of an association | |
| Inadequate or insufficient evidence to determine whether an association exists | |
| Limited or suggestive evidence of no association |
Clearing the Air
Indoor Air Exposures and Asthma Development
| Biological Agents | ||
| Sufficient evidence of a causal relationship | ||
| House dust mite | ||
| Sufficient evidence of an association | ||
| None found | ||
| Limited or suggestive evidence of an association | ||
| Cockroach (in preschool-aged children) | ||
| Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) | ||
| Chemical Agents | ||
| Sufficient evidence of a causal relationship | ||
| None found | ||
| Sufficient evidence of an association | ||
| Environmental tobacco smoke (in preschool-aged children) | ||
| Limited or suggestive evidence of an association | ||
| None found | ||
Clearing the Air
Indoor Air Exposures and Asthma Exacerbation
| Biological Agents | ||
| Sufficient evidence of a causal relationship | ||
| Cat | ||
| Cockroach | ||
| House dust mite | ||
| Sufficient evidence of an association | ||
| Dog | ||
| Fungi/Molds | ||
| Rhinovirus | ||
| Limited or Suggestive Evidence of an Association | ||
| Domestic birds | ||
| Chlamydia and Mycoplasma pneumoniae | ||
| RSV | ||
| Chemical Agents | ||
| Sufficient evidence of a causal relationship | ||
| Environmental tobacco smoke (in preschool-aged children) | ||
| Sufficient evidence of an association | ||
| NO2, NOx (high levels) | ||
| Limited or suggestive evidence of an association | ||
| Environmental tobacco smoke (school-aged, older children and adults) | ||
| Formaldehyde | ||
| Fragrances | ||
Diagnosing Asthma:
Medical History
| Symptoms | ||
| Coughing | ||
| Wheezing | ||
| Shortness of breath | ||
| Chest tightness | ||
| Patterns to Symptoms | ||
| Severity | ||
| Family History | ||
Diagnosing
Asthma:
Patient Checklist
| Troublesome cough, particularly at night | |
| Awakened by coughing | |
| Coughing or wheezing after physical activity | |
| Breathing problems during particular seasons | |
| Coughing, wheezing, or chest tightness after exposure to allergens | |
| Colds that last more than 10 days | |
| Relief when medication is used |
Diagnosing
Asthma:
Physical Examination
| Sounds of wheezing during normal breathing | |
| Hyperexpansion of the thorax | |
| Increased nasal secretions or nasal polyps | |
| Atopic dermatitis, eczema, or other allergic skin conditions |
| Medications come in a variety of forms. | ||
| Two major categories of medications are: | ||
| Long-term control | ||
| Quick relief | ||
Medications to Treat
Asthma:
Long-Term Control
| Taken daily, over a long period of time | ||
| Used to reduce inflammation, relax airway muscles, and improve symptoms and pulmonary function | ||
| Inhaled corticosteroids | ||
| Long-acting beta2-agonists | ||
| Leukotriene modifiers | ||
Medications to Treat
Asthma:
Quick-Relief
| Used in acute asthma episodes | |
| Generally they are short-acting beta2-agonists |
Medications to Treat
Asthma:
How to Use a Spray Inhaler
Medications to Treat
Asthma:
Inhalers and Spacers
Medications to Treat
Asthma:
Nebulizers
| Uses compressed air machine to deliver medicine as a mist | |
| Good for small children or for severe asthma episodes |
Managing
Asthma:
Asthma Management Goals
| Control symptoms | |
| Prevent exacerbation | |
| Maintain lung function as close to normal as possible | |
| Avoid adverse effects from medications | |
| Prevent irreversible airway obstruction | |
| Prevent asthma mortality | |
Managing
Asthma:
Asthma Management Plan
Managing Asthma:
Sample Asthma Management Plan
Managing Asthma:
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) Meters
Managing Asthma:
Peak Flow Chart
Managing Asthma:
Indications of a Severe Attack
| Breathless at rest | |
| Hunched forward | |
| Talking in words rather than sentences | |
| Agitated | |
| Peak flow rate is less than 60% of normal |
Managing
Asthma:
Things You Can Do
| Have an individual management plan | ||
| Educate yourself and others about— | ||
| Asthma management plans | ||
| Environmental interventions | ||
| Seek help from asthma resources | ||
| Join an asthma support group | ||
A Public Health Response
to Asthma
A Public Health Response to Asthma: Surveillance
A Public Health Response to
Asthma:
Uses of Surveillance Data
| Education about asthma in the population | |
| Basis for planning and targeting intervention activities | |
| Evaluation of intervention activities |
A Public Health Response to Asthma: Education
A Public Health Response to Asthma: Coalitions
A Public Health Response to Asthma: Advocacy
A Public Health Response to Asthma: Interventions
A Public Health Response to
Asthma: Medical Management
Interventions
A Public Health Response to
Asthma:
Environmental
Interventions
A Public Health Response to
Asthma:
School
Interventions
| Education | |
| Environment | |
| Resolution of school issues |
A Public Health Response to Asthma:
School
Interventions
A Public Health Response to
Asthma:
School
Interventions
A Public Health Response to
Asthma:
School
Interventions
A Public Health Response to Asthma: Evaluation
A Public Health Response to Asthma: Summary
| Asthma is complex and not yet preventable or curable. | |
| Asthma can be managed with medication, environmental changes, and behavior modifications. | |
| By working together, we can ensure that people with asthma enjoy a high quality of life. |
| National Asthma Education and Prevention Program | ||
| http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/naepp/index.htm | ||
| Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America | ||
| http://www.aafa.org | ||
| American Lung Association | ||
| http://www.lungusa.org | ||
| American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology | ||
| http://www.aaaai.org | ||
| Allergy and Asthma Network, Mothers of Asthmatics. Inc. | ||
| http://www.aanma.org/ | ||
| American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology | ||
| http://allergy.mcg.edu | ||
| American College of Chest Physicians | ||
| http://www.chestnet.org | ||
| American Thoracic Society | ||
| http://www.thoracic.org | ||